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Observing Matter
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Imagine a chemical that …
Is a key ingredient in most pesticides Contributes to environmental hazards, such as acid rain, the greenhouse effect, and soil erosion Helps to spread pollutants that are present in all contaminated rivers, lakes, and oceans Is used in vast quantities by every industry on Earth
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Imagine a chemical that …
Can produce painful burns to exposed skin Causes severe illness or death in either very low or very high concentrations in the body Is legally discarded as waste by individuals, businesses, and industries Has been studied extensively by scientists throughout the world
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Imagine a chemical that …
Should this chemical be banned? Discuss your reasons with an elbow partner. Elbow partner, you are to LISTEN attentively and NOT judge or respond other than to praise your partner. Now discuss your reasons with the rest of your group. Be prepared share your reasons with the rest of the class.
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What if I told you the chemical is dihydrogen monoxide
What if I told you the chemical is dihydrogen monoxide. Would that change your opinion?
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Describe water RallyRobin
You need one sheet of paper and one pencil/pen NO TALKING for the activity. Starting with Partner A, write down one characteristic of water Pass the sheet to Partner B. Partner B read Partner’s point and add another point. Pass the sheet back to Partner C. Keep going until you can think of no more characteristics of water. Be prepared to share your list.
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Describe water RallyRobin
2 H atoms and 1 O Used in many industries pH=7 All states (s, g, l) 75% of body volume Freezing point is 0 Colorless No taste, smell Expand when frozen Universal solvent Assume shape of its container Density 1g/mL Transparent/Translucent
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Find My Rule I will be showing you a list of YES and NO examples of a particular concept As you read each YES and NO example try and come up with a hypothesis of the attributes of the concept Do not name the concept, rather what are the attributes NO CALLOUTS. Think and form hypotheses quietly.
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Find My Rule YES Iron Sugar Sodium chloride NO Pond water gasoline
Oil and vinegar salad dressing
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Find My Rule YES Distilled water magnesium Carbon dioxide NO gravel
Salt water Steel (an alloy)
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Find My Rule For the next set of examples, not yet classified, talk with your partner about how you would classify each. Use a “thumbs up” to communicate if the example is a YES example or a “thumbs down” if the example is a NO example Be prepared to share your opinion with your fellow classmates. NO CALLOUTS.
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Find My Rule oxygen air Garden soil Sulfur dioxide Apple pie copper
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Find My Rule I will be showing you some more YES and NO examples of a particular concept With an elbow partner, QUIETLY share your ideas without judgment or discussion Be prepared to be picked to share your hypotheses with your fellow classmates. NO CALLOUTS.
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Find My Rule YES sodium hydrogen chlorine NO sugar Silver nitrate
Hydrochloric acid
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Find My Rule YES copper magnesium oxygen NO Distilled water
Nitrogen dioxide Sodium chloride
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Find My Rule iron Magnesium oxide nitrogen neon polyester
Vitamin C (ascorbic acid)
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Diagnostic chart
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Under Heterogenous mixtures of the chart, write these 2 definitions
Colloids A substance in which microscopically dispersed insoluble particles are suspended throughout another substance Suspension A heterogeneous mixture containing solid particles that are sufficiently large for sedimentation
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Describing and Measuring Matter
MATTER – anything that has mass and volume and occupies space. Matter is found in five different physical states: Gas Liquid Solid Plasma Bose-Einstein condensate (super unexcited and super cold atoms)
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Find My Rule YES Gasoline burns in a car engine An iron nail rusts
A copper roof turns green NO Wax on a candle melts Ice melts in a cold drink Frost forms on a window
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Find My Rule NO YES Food is digested Water boils in a kettle
Photosynthesis occurs in plants A silver spoon turns black NO Water boils in a kettle Glass shatters Alcohol and water mix together
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Change of State Changes that affect the physical appearance of matter but not its composition (identity) are physical changes. Changes that alter the composition of matter are chemical changes. A change of state is a physical change. The rusting of iron, the burning of wood, and the baking of bread are examples of chemical changes.
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Change of State Adding energy to matter or removing energy from matter may result in a change of state. A change in state … For example, ice, liquid water, and water vapour are all the same kind of matter, despite the differences in appearance
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Describing and Measuring Matter
PROPERTIES – characteristics of matter that help describe it. Properties are divided into two categories: Physical Chemical PHYSICAL PROPERTY – is a property that you can observe without changing one kind of matter into something new CHEMICAL PROPERTY – is a property that you can observe when one kind of matter is converted into a different kind of matter
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Find My Rule YES NO She has $3 in change Frank weighs 65 kg
The man was metres tall NO Chris ran quickly She grinned from ear to ear He was handsome
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Find My Rule YES Ice melts at 0C It was November 22
Miguel wears EEE width shoes NO She is taller than he is Her shirt was blue The chain saw was very loud
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Find My Rule- if Quantitative description/ if Qualitative description
John wears size 9 shoes The garage had a musty odour The solution was bright green The clouds were at 3500 metres The lemon was very sour 16, 000 people were at the game
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Quantitative Physical Properties Qualitative Physical Properties
Comes with a description of quality of the matter Described with numbers Chemical properties are always qualitative
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Describing and Measuring Matter
PHYSICAL PROPERTIES CHEMICAL PROPERTEIS Qualitative Quantitative Physical state Colour Odour Crystal shape Mallaebility Ductility Hardness Brittleness Melting point Boiling point Density Solubility Electrical conductivity Thermal conductivity Reactivity with water Reactivity with air Reactivity with pure oxygen Reactivity with acids Reactivity with pure substances Combustibility Toxicity Decomposition
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