1. Experiments and Memory
Induction lesson 4
Experiments and Memory

2. Starter – what can you remember?
Get in pairs One of you must have their back to the screen, the other must face the person but still be able to see the screen

3. Starter – what can you remember?
The person looking at the screen must be able to describe the term. You have 10 seconds before the next word appears They cannot say the term, spell the term, or make a rhyme They can only use psychological explanations for the term Count how many you get right out of ten After 10 items, swap (you will be informed) The pair with the most joint correct answers wins, so keep a score on your fingers

4. The presentation of each term will begin in 15 seconds
Ready?
The presentation of each term will begin in 15 seconds

5. Nature

6. Tabula Rasa

7. Learned

8. Overt Observation

9. Participant Observation

10. Naturalistic Observation

11. Time Sampling

12. Inter-rater reliability

13. Charles Darwin

14. Genetic

15. Stop – keep score - swap

16. Nurture

17. Innate

18. Covert Observation

19. Non-Participant Observation

20. Controlled Observation

21. Event Sampling

22. Behavioural Categories

23. Behaviourist approach

24. Classical conditioning

25. Positive reinforcement

26. Stop – add both scores
Who won?

27. Anything you didn’t get?
Take some time with your friends to discuss any terms you didn’t understand. Remember the “three before me” rule! The terms are below. Take brief notes if you need to. Nature Tabula Rasa Learned Observations: Covert; Overt; Participant; Non- Participant; Naturalistic; Controlled Sampling: Time; Event inter-rater reliability Charles Darwin Genetic Nature Innate Behavioural Categories Behaviourist Approach Classical Conditioning Positive Reinforcement

28. Have you done your homework?
Rationale: Quite simply, if you haven’t done your homework, you’ll find participation in the class impossible. A levels are extremely challenging. If you do not consistently do your homework to a high standard, you will ultimately receive a low mark in your exam, fail, drop out or asked to leave Get your homework notes out You will have 5 minutes to read them in silence. Following this will be a quick test to check learning While you’re reading, I will come round and check that you have completed this to a high standard

29. Test Answer on a piece of paper please. Make it your own work
What is the variable manipulated or being researched if it is naturally occurring called? (1)
What is the variable called that the researcher is hoping to change because of the variable above? (1)
Identify the four types of experiments (4)
Define the four types of experiment (4)
Atkinson and Shiffrin proposed a model of memory, how many stores does it have? (1)
Name the stores in Atkinson and Shiffrin’s model (3)
Which store has a capacity of between 5-9 items (1)
What can we do to increase this? (1)
Which store has a duration of under 30 seconds? (1)
Which store has a number of different types, including procedural and episodic? (1)
Which one of the above (Q10) did Clive Wearing have intact? (1)
Could Clive wearing form new memories (1)

30. Answers
The variable manipulated or being researched if it is naturally occurring called? (1) IV
The variable that the researcher is hoping changes because of the variable above? (1) DV
Identify the four types of experiments (4) laboratory, field, natural, quasi
Define the four types of experiment (4)
Lab = controlled conditions, researcher manipulates IV
Field = natural environment, researcher manipulates the IV
Natural = natural environment, naturally occurring IV
Quasi = controlled conditions, naturally occurring IV
Atkinson and Shiffrin proposed a model of memory, how many stores does it have? (1) 3
Name the stores in Atkinson and Shiffrin’s model (3) Sensory memory, Short-term memory (STM) and Long-term memory (LTM)
Which store has a capacity of between 5-9 items (1) STM
What can we do to increase this? (1) use mnemonics / chunking
Which store has a duration of under 30 seconds? (1) STM
Which store has a number of different types, including procedural and episodic? (1) LTM
Which one of the above (Q10) did Clive Wearing have intact? (1) Procedural
Could Clive wearing form new memories (1) No

31. Designing your own experiment
By the end of this lesson, you will have
Designed an experiment on rehearsal and STM
Stated the IV and DV
Written a hypothesis
Produced materials
Collected data
Analysed the results
Come to a conclusion
Think about what your findings mean for people.

32. Designing an experiment
Research has shown that if people are allowed to repeat a list of words out loud or in their heads, they will remember more of those words than if they are not allowed to repeat the words (this is known as maintenance rehearsal) You will collect data from people from which you will have divided into two groups, one group will be allowed to repeat words over and over again to rehearse them, while the other group will not be allowed to rehearse the words. But there is a problem, if we ask the non-rehearsal condition to sit in silence for 30 seconds, what will they do? Rehearse. So can you take a minute to discuss in your groups what we should do to stop them rehearsing? A ‘distraction’ task. Any ideas of a simple method to stop them rehearsing the words? One classic way is to ask them to count backwards in threes for over 30 seconds from a three figure number. 333 is always a good place to start. But you can decide on your own distraction task. Follow the guidelines on the design sheet, go out into the filed (stay in college grounds) and collect data and return to the classroom. Check your design decisions and your materials with me first. Be quick, you do not have much time!

33. Findings and conclusions
By looking at your findings, are the differences in word recall between both conditions large enough to support your hypothesis? So what can we conclude about the role of rehearsal in STM? What are the implications for us with respect to these findings?

34. Home work
Complete work on psychology timeline and learning theory for next lesson on Psych205.
Tracking test in 3 lessons time on everything you’ve studied so far. A tracking test tests you on your knowledge