1. Physical and Chemical Properties of Metals

2. All three items add color How are their properties different from One Another?

3. Properties of a Substance
Physical Property: can be observed or measured.
Influenced by the molecular structure of atoms
Examples: color, size, shape, length, density, boiling point, solubility

4. Properties of a Substance
Chemical Property: Describe the ability to react or combine with another substance to produce a new product
Influenced by how the elements bond with other elements.
Examples: Reactivity, Flammability, Sour or Bitter taste, Corrosive, Tarnishes in presence of oxygen, rusts

5. Metals

6. Molecular structure in metals
Crystalline structure: 3- dimensional, repeating arrangement of atoms.
Reflects light easily, giving metals their luster (shine)

7. Molecular structure in metals
Creates strong structure giving metals other properties:
Hardness
High melting and boiling points

8. Metallic Bond: How metals Bond Together
Normal bond – electrons are in fixed location
Metallic bond – free electrons moving around each nuclei in the crystal.
Creates close bond

9. Metallic Bond: How metals Bond Together
Properties:
Most have high density
Density: amount of mass per unit volume
Most are high density– atoms are closely packed together

10. Metallic Bond: How metals Bond Together
Properties:
Malleable – flattened or stretched without breaking

11. Metallic Bond: How metals Bond Together
Properties:
Ductile – ability to be pulled into a wire without breaking

12. Metallic Bond: How metals Bond Together
Properties:
Thermal conductivity – ability for heat to pass through
Electrical conductivity – ability for an electrical charge to pass through

13. Chemical Properties of Metals
The octet rule is a chemical rule of thumb that says atoms of main-group elements tend to combine in such a way that each atom has eight electrons in its valence shell, giving it the same electronic configuration as a noble or inert gases.
Valence shell is outermost shell.
“8” becomes magic number in determining if outermost electron cloud is full
Smaller elements are full with “2”

14. Chemical Properties of Metals
Metals tend to have 1, 2, or 3 valence electrons

15. Chemical Properties of Metals
Less energy to “lose” electrons in outer cloud than gain enough to get to magic number of “8”
Once the electrons are lost, the cloud goes away.
New outermost cloud that has magic number of “8”

16. No rule for transition metals,
usually 1 or 2 valence electrons

17. Chemical Properties of Metals
Fewer electrons to lose – More reactive
Group 1 – Alkali Metals: 1 electron in outermost level, so very reactive
Group 2 – lose 2
Group 3- 12: usually lose 1 or 2, some exceptions
Metals in Groups 13 – 16: lose or gain 3 or 4 electrons.

18. Chemical Properties of Metals
Corrosive (react with acid)
Tarnish or Rusting – react with oxygen
Some react explosively with water

19. Group 1 – Alkali Metals Physical Properties Chemical Properties
Low melting points
Low densities (lower than other metals)
Silver in color
Malleable
Softer than most other metals
Ductile
Good conductors of heat and electricity
Most reactive metal
React easily with halogens
Lose one electron to react
Explode when exposed to water
Tarnish easily

20. Group 2 – Alkaline Earth Metals
Physical Properties
Chemical Properties
Lose 2 electrons when reacting
React easily with the halogens and water
High boiling and melting points
Low density
Silver in color
Ductile and Malleable
Softer than most other metals (except the alkali metals)

21. Groups 3 – 12 Transition Metals
Physical Properties
Chemical Properties
Valence electrons are found in more than one shell
No set rule for number of valence electrons
Form complex ions
Ductile and Malleable
Good conductors of heat and electricity
High strength levels
High density
High melting and boiling points
Form solids at room temperature (except mercury)
Silvery blue in color (at room temperature)

22. Other metals: Found in Groups 13 – 16
Properties
Physical Properties:
Ductile and Malleable
High density
Chemial Properties
Lose or gain 3 or 4 electrons

23. Lanthanides and Actinides
Properties
Physical Properties:
Many are manmade
Chemial Properties
Unstable Nucleus - Radioactivity