1. Wärtsilä MeOH engine experiences

2. ZA40-MD Sum-Up Pros Cons Methanol-Diesel MD engine
Methanol is burnt according to diesel process
Methanol is injected close to TDC and ignited by a small amount of diesel pilot fuel
Pros
Cons
+ no knocking (diesel combustion)
+ no power reduction
+ good load acceptance
+ cost effective adaption
+ low THC, CO (and formaldehyde) levels
+ good back-up fuel performance
- NOx higher than for DF concept
NOx depends on pilot fuel for ignition
High pressure Methanol injection - 600bar
Three needles for Methanol injection
1 needle for standard & pilot diesel injection to ignite the methanol

3. Tests on Methanol – Initial testing of Wärtsilä MD concept
Engine: Wärtsilä Vasa 32
Optimal heat release
Lower Exhaust Temperatre
Same efficiency as diesel
Reduced NOx
CO, THC acceptable ( < 1 g/kWh)
Formaldehyde emissions low ~ much below TA-luft
No Formic acid detected in exhaust gases

4. Tests on Methanol – Recent testing of Wärtsilä Sulzer Z40S-MD
NOx
Smoke
Tier II 10,5 g/kWh
Tier III 2,6 g/kWh
Temp
Repeated tests on Sulzer Z40S-MD show same trends as the pre-tests on Wärtilä Vasa 32:
Reduced NOx / PM
Reduced exhaust temperature
Same (or better) efficiency
Dry package hfo

5. Conclusions
Methanol
One of the most promising candidates for low cost, high efficiency and low emissions operation
Neat methanol combustion is soot-free
Direct Injection and Compression Ignition MeOH op.
Dual fuel with direct injected diesel and port injected alcohols is established but lead to high emissions
Wärtsiläs concept with double late direct injected dual fuel is functional and associated with reduced emissions
PPC
High efficiency, low emissions and high load op. Fuel flexible.
Still some immaturities as research concept: Low load - cold start issues, high combustion noise
PPC-MeOH is possible

6. Observations & Research opportunities
Late direct injection reduces formaldehyde and formic acid emissions – Something to pursue further in SI, DICI and PPC
PPC-MeOH is possible – but needs much more research: is 60% gross efficiency within reach?
Methanol has high sensitivity and high heat of vaporization – Is this combination a key feature in managing both high and low loads in compression ignition of neat methanol (for instance PPC)?