1. Noncommunicable Disease
A Noncommunicable Disease is a disease that is not spread through contact.
Are caused by how people live, conditions they are born with, or environmental hazards.
Are not spread by contact because most are not caused by germs. Instead they are the breakdown in body cells and tissues.

2. Non-Communicable Disease
Degenerative Diseases
Cause further breakdown, or degeneration in body cells and tissues as they progress
Chronic Diseases
Are present either continuously or off and on over a long period of time
May develop as a result of a person’s lifestyle behaviors or substances in a person’s environment

3. Noncommunicable Disease
Diseases Present at Birth
Genetic Disorder- one in which the body does not develop or function normally because of an inherited problem
Birth Defect- disorders of the developing and newborn baby, causes unknown
In most cases there are no cure for either genetic disorders or birth defects
Diseases Resulting from Lifestyle Behaviors
Risk Factors are certain characteristics that increase a person’s chances of developing the disease.
Many diseases are the direct or indirect result of harmful lifestyle behaviors. Healthful lifestyle behaviors, on the other hand, can help prevent or control certain diseases and disorders.

4. Non-Communicable Disease
Diseases Caused by the Environment
Many diseases are caused by hazards in the environment
Examples of harmful substances that may be present in the environment: Fumes for chemicals, second hand smoke, radon, asbestos

5. Heart Disease Heart disease is the #1 killer of adults in the US!
The term heart disease includes any condition that lessens the strength or function of the heart or blood vessels.
Healthy lifestyle behaviors lower risk of heart disease

6. Heart Disease
Like other cells, the cells of your heart need oxygen and nutrients. The arteries that supply your heart muscles with blood are called coronary arteries.
Atherosclerosis and Arteriosclerosis
Atherosclerosis- condition in which fatty substances (ex- cholesterol) in the blood are deposited on the walls of the arteries
Cholesterol- a fatty substance that causes that causes atherosclerosis, some cholesterol is produced by the body, certain foods also contain cholesterol
Arteriosclerosis- hardening of the arteries. Slows flow of blood and is a major cause of high blood pressure.
A blood clot may result from the reduced flow of blood.
When the flow of blood is reduced, blood clots may form within the blood vessels. When a coronary artery is blocked, the result can be a heart attack. When an artery in the brain is blocked the result can be a stroke.

7. Heart Disease High blood Pressure
Blood Pressure- force of the blood on the inside walls of the blood vessels.
Typical blood pressure for teens is 110/70
Your blood pressure is not the same at all times. It may increase while exercising or under stress and my lower when at rest.
Hypertension (high blood pressure)- when the blood pressure is consistently higher then normal.
4 factors that increase your chances of having high blood pressure
Eating a large amount of salt
Being overweight
Feeling extreme stress for long periods of time
Having a family history of high blood pressure
There are no outward signs of High Blood Pressure until it has caused serious damage. (The Silent Killer)

8. Heart Disease Preventing Heart Disease
Nine Risk Factors for Heart Disease
Not within a person’s control:
Age
Gender
Race
Family history
Within a person’s control:
Weight
Exercise
Diet
Tobacco

9. Heart Disease Treating Heart Disease
Heart Transplant- replacing diseased heart with healthy heart from a donor
Bypass Surgery- remove a vein from the leg and form a detour around the blockage
Dissolving Blood Clots- medications are used to dissolve the clots
Angioplasty
Medication
Changing Lifestyle Behaviors

10. Understanding Heart Disease
Preventing Heart Disease
STRESS
Diet
Tobacco
Exercise
Alcohol
Weight

11. Cancer 2nd leading cause of death in adults in the US What is Cancer?
Involve abnormal body cells growing out of control.
Many different types of cancers that affect most parts of the body.
Tumors (groups of abnormal cells)
Benign Tumor
are not cancerous
Malignant Tumor
cancerous
Cancer progresses in stages. In the final stage, cancer cells from malignant tumors may enter the bloodstream or lymph system and travel to other parts of the body and form new tumors. The spreading of cancer cells is called metastasis.

12. Cancer What Causes Cancer? Diagnosing Cancer
Factors that are inherited
Lifestyle behaviors
Carcinogens- substances that cause cancer, some can be avoided
Diagnosing Cancer
The earlier cancer is detected the better the chance of the person’s survival.
an be Diagnosed through
Routine Physical Examination
Blood Tests
Biopsy- small piece of tissue is removed for testing in a lab

13. Cancer Warning Signs of Cancer
There are 7 warning signs of cancer identified by the American Cancer Society
Change in bowel or bladder habits
A sore that does not heal
Unusual bleeding or discharge
Thickening or lump in breast or elsewhere
Indigestion or difficulty swallowing
Obvious change in a wart or mole
Nagging cough or hoarseness

14. Cancer Treatment of Cancer Surgery- remove cancer cells from the body
Radiation- X-rays, or other radioactive substances are aimed at a tumor
Chemotherapy- chemicals are used to destroy cancer cells
All three can damage healthy cells with the cancer cells. Radiation and chemotherapy used to treat one cancer may themselves cause a second cancer years later.

15. Cancer Preventing Cancer
You can lower you risk of developing some types of cancer by making certain healthy choices.
Eat Healthy
Avoid Tobacco
Limit Sun Exposure

16. Allergies
In some cases the immune system reacts to substances to which a person is sensitive.
And allergy is the body’s sensitivity to certain substances.
An allergen is a substance that causes an allergic reaction.
Many people are allergic to pollen, tiny grains from plants.

17. Allergies Reactions to Allergies
In response to allergens the body releases histamines (chemicals in the body that cause the symptoms of the allergic reaction)
Symptoms
Difficulty Breathing
Skin rash
Hives- raised bumps on the skin that are very itchy

18. Allergies Diagnosing Allergies Treating Allergies
If cause is unknown the patient’s skin is scratched and tiny doses of possible allergens are inserted. If the patient is allergic to one of the substances, the skin at that particular place will turn red and swell slightly.
Treating Allergies
NO Cure
Antihistamines- medications that work against the effect of the histamines
Exposing the allergic person to extremely small quantities of the allergen to build immunity to it

19. Asthma
Asthma- a serious chronic condition that causes tiny air passages in the respiratory system to become narrow or blocked.
More than 10 million people in the US have asthma. 1/3 of these people are under the age of 18.
Periods when asthma symptoms are being experienced is called asthma attacks.
Substances or events that start the attacks are called asthma triggers.

20. Asthma Common Triggers of Asthma Exposure to allergens Cold air
Cigarette smoke
Air pollution
Certain foods or drugs
Strenuous Activity

21. Asthma Treatments Relaxation Techniques Medication
Some block swelling in the bronchial tubes and decrease the amount of mucus being produced.
Others, called bronchodilators, are used to relax the muscles that have tightened around the airways.

22. Other Noncommunicable Diseases
Arthritis
A person with arthritis may have one of more than 100 conditions marked by pain and swelling in body joints.
About 1 person in every 7 suffer from arthritis
Can affect people of any age
Rheumatoid Arthritis
Body joints become swollen and painful, and cartilage that separates the bones is destroyed
Affected joints become destroyed and stiff, and they no longer function normally
Cause is not known, it may follow infection or injury
Treatment- no cure, joints may be reconstructed or replaced by surgery, treatment centers help relieve pain and preserve or improve joint function.

23. Other Noncommunicable Diseases
Arthritis Continued
Osteoarthritis
Results in the wearing away of the body joints
Your risk increases with age, but it can affect people of all ages
Symptoms: pain and stiffness in the morning, pain or swelling in a joint, and pain and stiffness in the lower back or knees
Treatment- ibuprofen or aspirin, to ease the pain and swelling, exercise to prevent the damage from becoming worse, surgery to replace the diseased joint wit ha mechanical one

24. Other Noncommunicable Diseases
Diabetes
Disease that prevents the body from converting food into energy
Affects people of all ages
About 16 million people in the US have diabetes
Causes: heredity, problems with the production of the hormone insulin
Insulin- regulates level of glucose in the blood
Symptoms: excess production of urine, excess thirst, excess hunger, weight loss, shortness of breath, dry itchy skin, lack of energy

25. Other Noncommunicable Diseases
Type I Diabetes
The result of little or no insulin produced by the pancreas
Must always take insulin to maintain life (insulin-dependent) usually develops in children and young adults, affects more males than females
Type II Diabetes
Result of too little insulin produced by the pancreas or the inability to use insulin
90% of all diabetes cases are type II
Develops in people who are overweight and more than 40 years old
Treatment
Type I- need to take insulin every day (injection with a hypodermic needle)
Type II- take a medicine that helps them use the insulin their body makes
NO Cure
If left untreated it can lead to blindness, loss of feeling or severe pain in the feet and hands, kidney failure, and hardening of the arteries