1. What is better for your health: Butter, Margarine, Olive Oil or Crisco?
LG: Understand the structure and function of different types of lipids.

2. 9/25
QOD: How is a saturated fatty acid different from an unsaturated fatty acid? Draw each!
LG: Understand the structure and function of different types of lipids.

3. Intro to Organic Molecules & Lipids

4. Life is based on Carbon Carbon atoms are versatile building blocks
Special bonding properties
Has 4 valence electrons so it can form
4 stable covalent bonds with other carbon atoms or atoms of other elements
Bonds with CHNOPS – the elements that make up living things; Carbon, Hydrogen, Nitrogen, Oxygen, Phosphorus, and Sulfur
Carbon chemistry = organic chemistry
Why is it a foundational atom?
What makes it so important?
Can’t be a good building block if you only form 1 or 2 bonds. H C

5. Lipids
Lipids are organic molecules essential for life that are composed mostly of C, H, O
4 types of lipids
fats (triglycerides)
phospholipids
steroids
waxes
Made of same elements as carbohydrates but very different structure/ proportions & therefore very different biological properties

6. Triglycerides Fat molecules 3 fatty acids Glycerol
Structure = 3 fatty acids chains linked to glycerol
Functions = long term energy storage and insulation for animals
Can be saturated or unsaturated
3 fatty acids
Glycerol
BIG FAT molecule!!

7. Saturated fats All C bonded to H No C=C double bonds
long, straight chain
most animal fats and butter
solid at room temperature
contributes to cardiovascular disease
Mostly animal fats

8. Unsaturated fats At least one C=C double bond in the fatty acids
plant & fish fats
vegetable oils
liquid at room temperature
Mostly plant lipids
Think about “natural” peanut butter:
Lots of unsaturated fats Oil separates out
Companies want to make their product easier to use:
Stop the oil from separating Keep oil solid at room temp.
Hydrogenate it = chemically alter to saturate it
Affect nutrition?

9. Saturated vs. unsaturated

10. Phospholipids Structure: 2 fatty acids chains + phosphate head
Fatty acid chains = non-polar = hydrophobic “water fearing”
Phosphate head = polar = hydrophillic “water loving”
Function: make up cell membranes
(phospholipid bilayer)

11. Steroids Structure: 4 fused Carbon rings examples:
cholesterol – Function =control the fluidity of the cell membrane
hormones – Function = regulate processes in the body (such as pregnancy)
vitamins (A, B, D) – Function = supports metabolism and cell processes

12. Testosterone

13. Waxes Solid at room temp Insoluble in water Function: Examples:
Protective covering for
animals and plants
Examples:
Beeswax
Earwax
Cuticle of leaf (keeps water in)

14. What is the function of a triglyceride?
Stores and transfers genetic information
Long term energy storage
Control the rate of reactions
Help to fight disease

15. Which type of lipid makes up the majority of the cell membrane?
phospholipids
waxes
steroids
triglycerides

16. Fats that have at least one double bond between Carbon atoms are called
Unsaturated
Saturated
Glycerol
Fatty Acids

17. Phospholipids have a hydrophobic head and hydrophilic tail
hydrophilic head and hydrophobic tail

18. Which of the following is an example of a steroid
Fatty acids
Sex hormones
Phospholipids
Olive Oil