1. How have settlements changed? – Rural urban migration

2. Learning objectives
To know what rural to urban migration is and push/pull factors are
To understand why people have moved
To be able to describe the change over time using China as example

3. Push and Pull factors

4. PULL
A pull factor is something a place has that makes people want to move there: Like good jobs, nice houses, good entertainment.

5. PUSH
A push factor is something that makes someone want to move away from a place.
Such as; No jobs, Violence, Bad housing etc

6. Why do people want to move to urban areas?

7. Push Factors (Why people leave the countryside)
Lack of employment (HIC)
Pressure on the land (LIC)
Many do not own any land (LIC)
Overpopulation (LIC)
Starvation (LIC)
Limited food production (LIC)
Natural disasters (LIC)
Extreme physical conditions (LIC)
Lack of services (HIC/LIC) ……

8. Pull factors (why people move to the city)
Better paid jobs (HIC/LIC)
Expect a comfortable house (LIC)
Better quality of life will be expected (HIC/LIC)
Access to more services e.g. schools, medical treatment, entertainment (HIC/LIC)
Attracted by the “Bright Lights” (HIC/LIC)
Reliable source of food (LIC) ……

9. Rural-urban migration
This is the movement of people from the countryside to the city.
It is influenced by PUSH and PULL factors.

10. Example: China