1. Innovation in transport in Spain
Innovation in transport in Spain. The chance of renewable and alternative energies
Eloy Álvarez Pelegry
Director Energy Chair, Orkestra
Brussels, 22 June 2017

2. INDEX SPANISH POLICIES IN DIFFERENT AREAS SOME CASES FOR REFLECTION
Innovation in transport in Spain. The chance of renewable and alternative energies
INDEX
SPANISH POLICIES IN DIFFERENT AREAS
SOME CASES FOR REFLECTION
ROAD PASSENGERS´ TRANSPORT

3. SPANISH POLICIES IN DIFFERENT AREAS
Innovation in transport in Spain. The chance of renewable and alternative energies
SPANISH POLICIES IN DIFFERENT AREAS

4. Energy efficiency and renewables
Innovation in transport in Spain. The chance of renewable and alternative energies
SPANISH POLICIES IN DIFFERENT AREAS
Different policies in energy, innovation and technology, industry and transport
Energy policy
There is no a global energy plan. Only in some topics such as infrastructures or renewables
Innovation and technology policies
Science, Technology and Innovation Act 
Spanish Strategy on Science, Technology and Innovation,
National Scientific, Technical and Innovation Research Plan,
Energy efficiency and renewables
Horizontal activity

5. SPANISH POLICIES IN DIFFERENT AREAS Industrial policy
Innovation in transport in Spain. The chance of renewable and alternative energies
SPANISH POLICIES IN DIFFERENT AREAS
Industrial policy
Before 2013: strategic sectors
After 2013: horizontal policies (finance, R&D, energy costs, etc.)
Transport policy
Royal Decree 639/2016, of 9 December, that sets a framework of measures for the implementation of an infrastructure for alternative fuels
National Action Plan (2016)

6. SPANISH POLICIES IN DIFFERENT AREAS
Innovation in transport in Spain. The chance of renewable and alternative energies
SPANISH POLICIES IN DIFFERENT AREAS
Need for inclusive approach and strategies with the objective of competitiveness
Industrial and Transport Policies
Energy Policies
Technology and Innovation Policies

7. SPANISH POLICIES IN DIFFERENT AREAS Competitiveness
Innovation in transport in Spain. The chance of renewable and alternative energies
SPANISH POLICIES IN DIFFERENT AREAS
Competitiveness
Innovation and Productivity: basis of competition
Size is also a pillar of competitiveness
Process strategy and Strategic management are also key
Fuente: Díaz Mendoza, et. al. (2016)

8. SPANISH POLICIES IN DIFFERENT AREAS Innovation models
Innovation in transport in Spain. The chance of renewable and alternative energies
SPANISH POLICIES IN DIFFERENT AREAS
Innovation models
FIGURE 2. Timeline of the apparition of the main innovation models, with founding authors
Fuente: Pellerin-Carlin, et. al. (2016).
An integrated model is needed

9. FIGURE 3. Key elements in the development of a start-up in energy
Innovation in transport in Spain. The chance of renewable and alternative energies
FIGURE 3. Key elements in the development of a start-up in energy
SPANISH POLICIES IN DIFFERENT AREAS
Success/Failure
Management and Organization
-Specialized roles
-Management and Organization
-Mentoring
-Patents management
Technical issues
-Technical skills and expertise
-Tests and access to infrastructures
-Patents
Market
-Market understanding
-Competitors
The failure or success of a new entrepreneurship depends on:
Technical issues,
Market knowledge,
Management skills.
In order to be sucessful there is a need to:
Pass from R&D to technology,
Move from technology to industry,
Again, an integrated and holistic approach is needed.
Funding
Fuente: Calvo, et. al. (2016).

10. SOME CASES FOR REFLECTION
Innovation in transport in Spain. The chance of renewable and alternative energies
SOME CASES FOR REFLECTION

11. SOME CASES FOR REFLECTION PV utility scale
Innovation in transport in Spain. The chance of renewable and alternative energies
SOME CASES FOR REFLECTION
PV utility scale
Driven by regulation and Project finance. high costs for electricity consumers. Innovation didn´t fostered a sustainable industry
PV domestic scale
Driven by prosumers, regulation and economics. May be an example of integrated innovation in energy (consumers, different stakeholders, business models, etc.)

12. SOME CASES FOR REFLECTION Onshore wind
Innovation in transport in Spain. The chance of renewable and alternative energies
SOME CASES FOR REFLECTION
Onshore wind
Rather succesful. Wind equipments manufacturers, power electronics, lower generation costs, integration in the grid
Biofuels
Driven by regulation. Failure to mantain a domestic industry. High innovation but not sucessful in the deployment of a competitive sustainable industry

13. ROAD PASSENGERS´ transport
Innovation in transport in Spain. The chance of renewable and alternative energies
ROAD PASSENGERS´ transport

14. GRAPH 1. GHG emissions TTW, STW and WTW by type of vehicle
Innovation in transport in Spain. The chance of renewable and alternative energies
ROAD PASSENGERS´ transport
Alternative energy vehicles are here but in the context of sustainable mobility
Technical aspects
Electric vehicles, LPGs vehicles, Compressed Natural Gas vehicles, Biofuels, Hydrogen
Environmental aspects
Greenhouse gases: TTW, WTW, STW
Polluting emissions: NOx and particles
GRAPH 1. GHG emissions TTW, STW and WTW by type of vehicle
Source: Álvarez Pelegry, et. al. (2017)

15. GRAPH 2. TCO comparative (€/km)
Innovation in transport in Spain. The chance of renewable and alternative energies
ROAD PASSENGERS´ transport
Economic aspects
Infrastructures
Cost of vehicles and energy
consumption: TCO
Industrial development
GRAPH 2. TCO comparative (€/km)
Source: Álvarez Pelegry, et. al. (2017)

16. ROAD PASSENGERS´ transport Scenarios A combination of technical,
Innovation in transport in Spain. The chance of renewable and alternative energies
ROAD PASSENGERS´ transport
Scenarios
A combination of technical,
environmental, economic and societal
changes will determine the
penetration of different technologies.
Around 2035, alternative energies,
including hybrids may be as
important as conventional energies
in the Basque Country.
GRAPH 1. Progressive penetration of alternative fuels´vehicles until 2035 in the Basque Country
Source: Álvarez Pelegry, et. al. (2017).

17. ROAD PASSENGERS´ transport Challenges
Innovation in transport in Spain. The chance of renewable and alternative energies
ROAD PASSENGERS´ transport
Challenges
Need to continuously address the penetration of alternative energy vehicles,
The National Action Framework and some strategies are an opportunity for change,
There is a double "top-down" and "bottom-up" pressure,
Administrations have a clear role in the development of alternative energy vehicles through incentives to purchase alternative vehicles and through the promotion and facilitation of recharging and supply infrastructures.

18. Component manufacturers
Innovation in transport in Spain. The chance of renewable and alternative energies
ROAD PASSENGERS´ transport
Challenges
Transformation of the transport sector,
It requires the will to change and put in place policies and
economic resources,
It also needs the cooperation among numerous agents
(consumers, Administration, utilities, OEMs and others).
Consumers have the final Word.
Citizens
Consumers
Administration
Regulatory body
OEM´s
Component manufacturers
R&D centers
Start Ups
Societal changes

19. Innovation in transport in Spain
Innovation in transport in Spain. The chance of renewable and alternative energies
THANK YOU!