1. SUB: E.M.E TOPIC: Solid fuels
GYANMANJARI
INSTITUTE OF
TECHNOLOGY
SUB: E.M.E TOPIC: Solid fuels
Prepared By:
Baraiya Jatin
( )
Guide by :
Prof. Jay P solanki

2. Fuel Chemical energy Heat energy
Fuel is a substance which, when burnt, i.e. on coming in contact and reacting with oxygen or air, produce heat
Chemical energy
Heat energy

3. 2.2.1 solid fuels
Natural(primary fuel):Wood, peat, Lignite coal, Bituminous coal, Anthracite coal
Artificial(secondary fuel):Cock, Char coal, Briquettes coal, Pulverized coal.

4. Types of natural solid fuels
wood
peat
coal
lignite

5. Wood Use :- domestic fuel.
- some time industrial fuel for boiler furnace.
disadvantages :-large moisture content
-lower gross calorific value(about 16000kj/kg)
advantage :-ignite easily and so mostly used for ignition other fuels.

6. 2. peat 1st stage in the formation of coal from wood.
Occur :-solid fuel consisting of a partly decomposed plant material below ground.
Moisture :-90% , therefore -> make it dry which takes about 1 to months before->use.
Gross Calorific value:-16000kj/kg.
Use/advantages:-fertilizer, as a packing materials
Disadvantages:- burns slowly, high water content.

7. 3. coal coal Decayed vegetation Heat of earth pressure Absence of air
300 million years
Heat of earth
pressure
Absence of air
coal

8. 4. Lignite Intermediate stages between peat and good quality coal.
Color :- brown color.
Use/advantages:-generation of electricity in thermal power station.
Disadvantages:-high moisture content, low calorific value, bad weathering properties, burns with large smoky flame.
Gross calorific value:-25000kj/kg.

9. Types of coal Anthracite coal Anthracite coal Bituminous coal
Very hard coal and shining black luster.
Use :-thermal power plant.
Advantages:-higher calorific value, lower volatile matter, and higher carbon content.
Disadvantges:-ignites slowly.
Calorific value:-36000kj/kg.
In India, reserves of this coal are found in Kashmir and Eastern Himalayas.

10. Bituminous coal It is next stage in coal development.
Color:-shining black
Easier to ignite. Burns with long yellow and smoky flame.
Calorific value:-33000kj/kg.
In India, this coal reserves are located in Bihar, Bengal, M.P. and Orissa.
Advantage:- good heating qualities.
It is main fuel for industrial furnace, boilers, and thermal power plants.
Uses:-to produce artificial solid fuels like cock, liquid fuels like coal-tar or gaseous fuels like produce gas, coal gas etc.

11. B. Artificial or prepared solid fuels:
(1).Wood charcoal:
It is produce from wood by Carbonization process.
Charcoal can be produce from the the incomplete burning of wood with insufficient air.
Wood charcoal is a source of pure carbon.
It easily and burns at low rates.
It is extensively used as a fuel in blacksmiths, metal work, and for cottage industries.

12. Coke is produced by reducing volatile matter of bituminous coal.
It is hard, brittle and porous.
It consists of carbon, mineral matter with 2% sulfur and small quantities of hydrogen, nitrogen and phosphorus.
It is smokeless and clear fuel.
Normally it is not used as a fuel, but it is used to produce coal gas, producer gas, blast furnace gas by different processes.

13. The briquettes can be of any shape.
(3).Briquetted coal:
It is produced from finely ground coal mixed with suitable binder and pressed together to form blocks or briquettes.
The briquettes can be of any shape.
By this method, it is possible to increase heating value of low quality coal.
When coal is crushed and produced in poweres form it is called pulverized coal.
Fine powder coal gets mixed with air rapidly so combustion rate increases.
Hence combustion efficiency of boiler with pulverized coal is very high.
(4):pulverized coal: