1. Open Source software Licensing
Computer science department third year cs
Lecturer : yasmin maki

2. What is a license? Grants permission to use a copyrighted work
Can grant any or all of the rights associated with copyright
Can impose other restrictions, such as type or place or usage, or duration of the license
Does not transfer ownership of the copyright
Source: David Drooz, Open Source Licenses – Basic Information and Examples (2002)

3. A software license is the contract between the software owner and the licensee defining terms of use of software

4. Contracts العقود Must have three things: - Offer - Acceptance
- Consideration : information that should be kept in mind when making a decision

5. Open Source Software Licenses - Source Code
Source code to original product always provided;
Licensee can modify or enhance source code (create “derivative works”)
or include source code with other license types (create “larger works”);
Licensee may be required to share modifications with the world (in source and/or binary form), but not necessarily;

6. An open source licensor must give the licensee certain rights to be considered open source
Basically, the licensee has the right to use, modify or distribute the software, and the right to access the source code.

7. Prominent Open Source Vendors
IBM
Red Hat
Sun Microsystems
Source: Rosen at 38

8. Examples of Popular licenses
[The following licenses are popular, widely used, or have strong communities:
Apache License 2.0
BSD 3-Clause "New" or "Revised" license
BSD 2-Clause "Simplified" or "FreeBSD" license
GNU General Public License (GPL) The GPL, or “copyleft” family of licenses
GNU Library or "Lesser" General Public License (LGPL)
MIT license
Mozilla Public License 2.0
Common Development and Distribution License

9. Other open source licenses
Traditional proprietary licenses
Shareware/freeware
Public domain (not a license, but a way of accessing software)

10. "Copyleft" refers to licenses that allow derivative works but require them to use the same license as the original work.
For example, if you write some software and release it under the GNU General Public License (a widely- used copyleft license), and then someone else modifies that software and distributes their modified version, the modified version must be licensed under the GNU GPL too — including any new code written specifically to go into the modified version.

11. The GPL family of licenses
Basic rights under the GPL – access to source code, right to make derivative works
“Copyleft”
The Library or Lesser General Public License

12. The BSD family of licenses
Same basic rights as GPL
No copyleft provisions, i.e. licensees can take software licensed under the BSD private
Can re-release software under a different license

13. Shareware/Freeware May be free or may not
Licensor does not provide the right to make derivative works or give access to source code

14. Public Domain
Author retains no copyright rights if software is in the public domain
Open source software authors retain copyright rights
Open source licenses contain restrictions, just different ones than licensees may be used to
The restrictions in open source licenses are based on copyright law and depend on it for their effectiveness.

15. Problems with the GPL Linking to GPL programs No explicit patent grant
Does no discuss trademark rights
Does not discuss duration
Silent on sub licensing
Relies exclusively on license law, not contract

16. GNU Library or "Lesser" General Public License (LGPL)
a Lesser GPL, which applies to libraries to be used in “nonfree” software, that is to say that you don’t have to re-license the software under the GPL.

17. The Berkeley Software Distribution License (BSD)
There are two types here as well, 2-clause and 3-clause.
The 2-clause form is newer, even though the 3-clause license is called the “New” one.
2-clause is referred to as “simplified” or “FreeBSD”.
Like the GPL, it was not written by lawyers and hence is incomplete, failing to discuss patents, sublicensing, scope and duration, etc.
No copyleft/reciprocity provision
Does not mention patents

18. BSD-style license Key terms:
License grant: unlimited use, modification, distribution
No warranties; disclaimer of consequential damages
No endorsement

19. The Mozilla Public License (MPL)
Professionally written
Includes an explicit patent grant, including a reciprocal grant for contributors
Includes many specific provisions that are absent in the GPL and BSD but which are often in licenses.

20. The Common Public License (CPL)
Developed and owned by IBM
Includes a limited patent license
Contains a reciprocity provision
Contains a patent defense provision
Indemnity provisionتقديم تعويض

21. Multiple Licensing and other strategies
Microsoft’s Shared Source License
Public Source
Multiple Licensing
Licensing in phases

22. How do licensors make money with open source software?
Usually by providing other services, such as:
Support
Training
Customization
Integration
Certification
Offering warranties

23. Other open content licenses include:
GNU Free Documentation License
Open Content License
Free Art License
Open Game License
October Open Game License

24. Considerations before licensing with Creative Commons or other open content license
Make sure you understand what rights you are retaining and which ones you are giving up
Make sure you own the copyright
Make sure your work is subject to copyright law
“Be specific about what you are licensing”