1. Bell ringer Calvinism began in:
Who nailed 95 Theses on the church door in Wittenberg?
What was the reform movement that led to a breakaway from the Roman Catholic Church? a)Jesuits b)Monastic Movement c)Protestant Reformation d)Scholasticism
Calvinism began in:
a)Germany b)England c)Switzerland d)Italy

2. Bell ringer Martin Luther
Who nailed 95 Theses on the church door in Wittenberg?
Martin Luther
2. What was the reform movement that led to a breakaway from the Roman Catholic Church? a)Jesuits b)Monastic Movement c)Protestant Reformation d)Scholasticism
3. Calvinism began in:
a)Germany b)England c)Switzerland d)Italy

3. Today-Objective: Reformation in England
1. Understand how Henry VIII divorce led to the Reformation coming to England.
2. Why was Mary known as Bloody Mary?
3. How did Elizabeth I help establish the Church of England?

4. Video: Henry VIII & his 6 wives
Anne Boleyn
Jane Seymoure
Catherine of Aragon
Anna of Cleves
Kathryn Howard
Katherine of Parr

5. Henry VIII became King of England in 1509 at the age of 17
Catholic
Because he wrote against Martin Luther the Pope named him the “Defender of the Faith”
complications soon
led Henry to make
England a protestant nation.

6. Henry Wanted a Son
Henry’s wife Catherine of Aragon gave birth to his first child Mary in 1525
Henry wanted his marriage annulled (ruled invalid because of church law)
The Pope would not grant Henry an annulment

7. Henry summons Parliament
The Reformation Parliament 1534
Parliament declares that England is no longer under the authority of the Pope.
Parliament passes the “Act of Supremacy”, which makes the English king the head of the Church in England, not the pope.. (Anglican Church)

8. Henry marries Anne Boleyn
1533 Henry secretly marries Anne Boleyn.
Anne gives birth to a girl: Elizabeth
She rules for just 3 years
She was executed:
Witchcraft, incest, adultery

9. The Six Wives of Henry VIII
To satisfy his desires and to secure a male heir, Henry married six times:
His marriage to CATHERINE OF ARAGON was annulled 1533.
In 1536, ANNE BOLEYN was executed for alleged treason and adultery and her daughter Elizabeth was declared illegitimate.
JANE SEYMOUR died in 1537 shortly after giving birth to the future Edward VI.
Henry wed ANNE OF CLEVES based on advice of Cromwell, the purpose being to create by the marriage an alliance with the Protestant princes. The marriage was annulled by Parliament and Cromwell was eventually executed.
CATHERINE HOWARD was beheaded for adultery in 1542.
Henry’s last wife, CATHERINE PARR, a patron of humanists and reformers, survived him.

10. Edward VI ( )
When Henry died, his son and successor, Edward VI, was only ten years old.
While he was king England became more Protestant
He died before he turned 16

11. Mary I (1553-1558) Married Philip II of Spain
Mary returned England to the authority of the Pope.
Devout Roman Catholic
Hundreds of Protestants were killed for their beliefs
She became known as Bloody Mary

12. Elizabeth I 1533 - 1603 Elizabeth was a Protestant
Daughter of Henry VIII and Anne Boleyn (ruled England for 45 years)
Golden Age – birth of Shakespeare, defeat of Spanish Armada, England as a world power
Elizabeth was a Protestant
She split England from Rome again.
Act of Supremacy
In 1559 makes
England a
Protestant nation
Elizabeth's reign is known as the Elizabethan era. The period is famous for the flourishing of English drama, led by playwrights such as William Shakespeare and Christopher Marlowe, and for the seafaring prowess of English adventurers such as Francis Drake. Some historians depict Elizabeth as a short-tempered, sometimes indecisive ruler,[5] who enjoyed more than her share of luck. Towards the end of her reign, a series of economic and military problems weakened her popularity. Elizabeth is acknowledged as a charismatic performer and a dogged survivor in an era when government was ramshackle and limited, and when monarchs in neighbouring countries faced internal problems that jeopardised their thrones.

13. Brainstorm before you begin:
The Protestant Reformation is sweeping across Central Europe, England, and even Scandinavia! You have been hired by the Pope to develop ideas that the Church can implement in order to stop believers from converting to these heretical faiths. What are your top 3 ideas? Hurry, you must act quickly, or Protestantism may overrun Europe!

14. The Counter Reformation 1530s-1648
The Catholic Church’s Response to the Protestant Reformation

15. The Counter Reformation
The Church had two tactics:
Reform the Church from Within
Stop the Spread of Protestantism
Council of Trent
Water Torture during the Inquisition
Council of Trent – developed as a response to the Reformation. The council issued condemnations of what it defined to be heresies committed by Protestantism and in response to them, key statements and clarifications of what the Churches doctrine and teachings were. The Council met for twenty-five sessions between 13 December 1545 and 4 December 1563.
The Inquisition – a group of institutions within the government system of the Catholic Church whose aim was to combat heresy. During the Late Middle Ages and early Renaissance, the concept and scope of the Inquisition significantly expanded in response to the Protestant Reformation and the Catholic Counter-Reformation. It Expanded to other European countries, resulting in the Spanish Inquisition.

16. Those who tried to change the Catholic Church within
Girolamo Savonarola
Preached against abuses of the church
Had people melt down their Gold & silver to help the poor –Bonfire of the Vanities
Executed by Pope

17. Ignatius of Loyola A soldier Wounded
Healing Ignatius reads the lives of the Saints
Ignatius Loyola – founded the Jesuits (society of Jesus). One of the major leaders in the Counter-Reformation. While recovering from being hurt in battle against the French he became an expert in the art of “spiritual direction”. He collected his insights, prayers, and suggestions in a book called Spiritual Exercises. He founded the Society of Jesus within a small group of friends.
Jesuits- Society of Jesus

18. Jesuits
Society of Jesus. Worked to renew spirituality & service to the church
Worked on using education to counter the Protestant Reformation.
Founded by Ignatius of Loyola. Ran the Jesuits like a military organization

19. What does this quote by Loyola mean?
“We should always be disposed to believe that that which appears white is really black, if the hierarchy of the Church so decides.”

20. Council of Trent( )
Purpose: The Church held meetings to discuss reform AND define dogma (official teachings)
Addressed the abuses that had weakened the church. Called for priests to be trained & financial abuses to be ended.
Indulgences abolished.
Rejected Protestant doctrine. Faith & works needed for salvation.

21. Those who carried out the reforms of the council of Trent
Charles Boromeo
Archbishop of Milan.
Educated priests
Francis de Sales
Worked to turn people from Calvinism
Founded a teaching order for women
Teresa of Avila
Became a nun about 1536
Her spirituality inspired many
to remain Catholic

22. Stopping the Spread of Protestantism
The Inquisition
Why?
General purpose was to discover heretics (mostly Jews and Muslims, but also Protestants), reinforce Catholic doctrine, and prove the power of the Church
When?
1400s-1800s
Where?
Mostly Spain and Italy
Different variations took place
across Europe, but it was most notorious in Spain
Ironic! (These places were strongholds of
Catholicism)
How?
The accused were put on trial and were guilty
until proven innocent…
Torture was used to elicit confessions

23. Video: The Spanish Inquisitiondw

24. Stopping the Spread of Protestantism
Index (List) of Banned Books
Created in 1559 by the Pope
Purpose was to prevent heresy (make sure you know what this word means) and ensure books were morally correct
Banned both Protestant literature and texts by some intellectuals, like Erasmus

25. Was the Counter-Reformation a success?
The Church did not win back many of the “lost souls” that had converted to Protestantism…
But, it shed its reputation for corruption and it spread widely through missionary work

26. Religious Wars & Unrest
TURN TO PAGE 635

27. France King Henry of Navarre became Catholic.
1598- Edict of Nantes granted religious freedom to Protestants
Huguenots- French Protestant minority
Wars between Catholics & Huguenots lasted for years
St. Bartholomew's Day massacre- 1572
Catholics killed 1000s of Protestants
St. Bartholomew’s Day-
King Henry IV (Navarre) – Baptized as a catholic but was raised as a protestant.

28. Denominations of Europe

29. There are 3 major divisions within Christianity
Protestant
Lutheran
Anglican/Episcopal
Methodist
Presbyterian
Reformed
Baptists
Pentecostal
Nondenominational
Independent
Roman Catholic Church
Eastern Orthodox
Russian
Greek
Southwest Asia, Eastern Europe, India

30. All Christian groups agree on:
Trinity
Nature of God
Divinity & humanity of Jesus Christ.
All hold to the major creeds;
Apostles, Nicene, Chalcedon
Justification by faith or how a person is saved & authority of Scripture
Disagree on church government, sacraments, role of the Holy Spirit