1. بسم الله الرحمن الرحيم

2. Fundamentals of Information Systems/
كلية الحاسبات والمعلومات
الثلاثاء الموافق 21 فبراير2012
D r. Ahmed Aboul-Fotouh Saleh
prof. of Information Systems
Faculty of Computer and
Information Sciences

3. Introduction To Information Systems Concepts
Chapter 1
Introduction To Information Systems Concepts

4. Preface
Information systems play a vital role in the business success of an enterprise.
Understanding system concepts will help you understand many other concepts in the technology. For example, systems concepts help you understand:
- That computers are systems of information processing components.
- That business uses of computers are really interconnected
business information systems.

5. Systems concepts
A system can be defined a set of elements or components that interact to accomplish goals
A system is a group of interrelated components working together toward a common goal by accepting inputs and producing outputs in an organized transformation process.
Many examples of systems can be found in the physical and biological sciences, in modern technology, and in human society.

6. Elements/Components of a System:
Such a system ( Dynamic system) has a set of basic interacting components or functions:
To reconstruct a system, the following' key elements must be considered;
a. Inputs & Outputs
b. Processing
c. Control
d. Feedback
e. Environment
f. Boundaries

7. Figure 1.3: Components of a System

8. System Components and Concepts(cont..)
Systems can be classified as simple or complex, open or closed, stable or dynamic, adaptive or nonadaptive, and permanent or temporary

9. Table 1.3: Systems Classifications and Their Primary Characteristics

10. System Performance and Standards
Efficiency: a measure of what is produced divided by what is consumed
Effectiveness: extent to which system attains its goals
الى أى مدى تحققت اهداف النظام
System performance standard: a specific objective of a system

11. System Variables and Parameters
System variable: quantity or item controlled by the decision maker
System parameter: value or quantity that cannot be controlled (e.g., the cost of a raw material)

12. A System approach to problem solving
The system approach to problem solving uses a systems orientation to define problems and opportunities and develop solutions.
a problem and formulating a solution involves the following interrelated activities:
  - Recognize and define a problem or opportunity in a systems context.
- Develop and evaluate alternative system solutions.
- Select the system solution that best meets your requirements.
- Design the selected system solution so that it meets your requirements.
- Implement and evaluate the success of the designed system.

13. The systems approach to problem solving
Define the problem
Define a problem or opportunity in a system context.
Develop and evaluate alternative system solutions
Select the system solution that best meets your requirements.
Design the selected solution to meet your requirements.
Implement and evaluate the success of the designed system.
Develop Alternative Solutions
Select the solution
Design the selected solution
Implementation the solution

14. What is the Information systems
Information system (IS)
A set of interrelated components that collect, manipulate, and disseminateنشر data and information and provide feedback to meet an objective
Examples: ATMs, airline reservation systems, course reservation systems

15. Information Concepts: Data Versus Information
Data: raw facts
Information: collection of facts organized in such a way that they have additional value beyond the facts themselves

16. Table 1.1: Types of Data

17. Figure 1.2: The Process of Transforming Data into Information

18. Knowledge
An awareness and understanding of a set of information & Experience and how that information can be made useful to support a specific task
Knowledge base
The collection of data, rules, procedures, and relationships that must be followed to achieve value.

19. Table 1.2: Characteristics of Valuable Data

20. Table 1.2: Characteristics of Valuable Data (continued)

21. Figure 1.7: The Components of an Information System

22. Input, Processing, Output, Feedback
Input: activity of gathering and capturing raw data
Processing: converting or transforming data into useful outputs
Output: production of useful information, usually in form of documents and reports
Feedback: output used to make changes to input or processing activities

23. Functions of an Information System

24. Computer-Based Information Systems
Computer-based information system (CBIS)
A single set of hardware, software, databases, telecommunications, people, and procedures that are configured to collect, manipulate, store, and process data into information
Examples: a company’s payroll systems, order entry system, and inventory control systems

25. Figure 1.8: The Components of a Computer-Based Information System

26. Summary Data: raw facts
Information: collection of facts organized in such a way that they have value beyond the facts themselves
System: a set of elements that interact to accomplish a goal
Components of a system: input, processing, output, and feedback
A model is an abstraction that is used to represent reality

27. Summary (continued)
Computer-based information system (CBIS): a single set of hardware, software, databases, telecommunications, people, and procedures that are configured to collect, manipulate, store, and process data into information