1. Stem-Changing Verbs (SCV)
A stem-changing verb is a special verb that has a change in the “stem” (part left after dropping the ending).
There are 4 types of stem changes in Spanish:
eie, ei, oue, uue.
There is NO STEM CHANGE IN THE NOSOTROS FORM!
Only one verb out of thousands stem-changes from uue in Spanish: Jugar (to play sport/game).
All ei stem-changing verbs will be –ir verbs.
Sometimes, a verb will have more than one “e”. If this happens, stem change the “e” that is CLOSEST TO THE ENDING.

2. Stem-Changing Verbs (LIST 1)
oue
almorzar- to eat lunch
contar- to count/tell a story
mover- to move
dormir- to sleep
morir- to die
mostrar- to show
costar- to cost
recordar- to remember
volver- to return (place)
devolver- to return (item)
rogar- to pray
encontrar- to find
soñar- to dream
volar- to fly
resolver- to resolve
apostar- to bet
demonstrar- to demonstrate
doler- to hurt/ache
llover- to rain
probar- to test/try/taste
remover- to remove
poder- to be able/can

3. Stem-Changing Verbs (LIST 1)
eie
cerrar- to close
entender- to understand
mentir- to lie
encender- to ignite/turn on
advertir- to warn
fregar- to mop
comenzar- to start/begin
empezar- to start/begin
confesar- to confess
pensar- to think
perder- to lose
preferir- to prefer
arrepentir- to regret/be sorry
heder- to stink
mentar- to mention
merender- to have a snack
negar- to deny
querer- to want/love
recomendar- to recommend
nevar- to snow

4. Stem-Changing Verbs (LIST 1)
ei
repetir- to repeat
pedir- to ask for/order/request
medir- to measure
reír- to laugh
sonreír- to smile
seguir- to follow
servir- to serve
vestir- to dress
competir- to compete
despedir- to say goodbye

5. Stem-Changing Verbs (LIST 1)
uue 1. jugar- to play (sport/game)

6. Notes: Regular Present Tense
The Present Tense is a verb tense that is used to tell what is happening now.
It is very similar to the Present Progressive.
In order to conjugate a verb to the present tense:
a. drop the last two letters from the infinitive
b. add the appropriate ending according to the subject and the type of verb:
ar- verb endings -er verb endings -ir verb endings
yo- o yo- o yo- o
tú- as tú- es tú- es
él, ella, Ud.- a él, ella, Ud.- e él, ella, Ud.- e
nosotros- amos nosotros- emos nosotros- imos
ellos, ellas, Uds.- an ellos, ellas, Uds.- en ellos, ellas, Uds.- en

7. Ejemplos
You all are singing (c) 8. You (fs) are not talking/speaking (h)
Uds. cantan - Ud. no habla
I am writing (e) 9. The girls are not skiing (e)
Yo escribo - Ellas no esquian
The boys are listening (e) 10. Mr. (S) Woodard is not swimming (n)
Ellos escuchan - Señor Woodard no nada
You (fam) are cleaning (l)
Tú limpias
I am not eating (c)
Yo no como
He is not studying (e)
Él no estudia
You and I are not walking (c)
- Nosotros no caminamos

8. Verb List #3 23 septiembre 2008 17. servir- to serve
18. soñar- to dream
19. sonreír- to smile
20. terminar- to finish
21. trabajar- to work
22. usar- to use
23. vender- to sell
24. ver- to see
25. vestir- to dress
26. viajar- to travel
27. visitar- to visit
28. vivir- to live
29. volver- to return (place)
30. devolver- to return (item)
preparar- to prepare
programar- to program
proteger- to protect
publicar- to publish
querer- to want/to love
recibir- to receive
recordar- to remember
recomendar- to recommend
relajar- to relax
repasar- to review
repetir- to repeat
responder- to respond
reír- to laugh
14. rezar- to pray
15. salir- to leave/to go out
16. saltar- to jump

9. Ejemplos- SCV (Present Tense)
An L. Ford Production
©2015
In order to correctly conjugate stem-changing verbs, use the REGULAR PRESENT TENSE ENDINGS; NOT THE PRESENT PROGRESSIVE ENDINGS.
Do NOT put "es"/"son" in these answers. The "is" and the "are" are INCLUDED in the conjugated verb.
When a sentence has 2 verbs, you CANNOT conjugate both verbs if they are side by side. The first verb will conjugate, the second verb remains in the infinitive. (Ejs. 1 & 3)
Anytime the word "to" is in front of a verb, it should remain in the infinitive. (Ejs. 1 & 3)
*****DO NOT STEM-CHANGE IN THE NOSOTROS FORM!!!*****
____________________________________________________________________________
1. You all are able to swim.
-(poder, o-ue)- Uds. pueden nadar.
*HOW/WHY?- I have 2 verbs; to be able and to swim. I CANNOT conjugate both verbs because they are side by side with nothing separating them. Also, the word "to" is in front of the verb swim, so this tells me to leave it in the infinitive. My ending is –en, because poder is an –er verb, and the subject is Uds.
2. She is repeating the answer.
-(repetir, e-i)- Ella repite.
*HOW/WHY?- I conjugated the verb to repeat in the she form of the present tense. I DO NOT have a word for "is"; it is included in the conjugated verb. If you put a word for "is" it will be wrong. My ending is –e, because repetir is an –ir verb, and the subject is ella.

10. Ejemplos- SCV-(Present Tense)
An L. Ford Production
©2015
In order to correctly conjugate stem-changing verbs, use the REGULAR PRESENT TENSE ENDINGS; NOT THE PRESENT PROGRESSIVE ENDINGS.
Do NOT put "es"/"son" in these answers. The "is" and the "are" are INCLUDED in the conjugated verb.
When a sentence has 2 verbs, you CANNOT conjugate both verbs if they are side by side. The first verb will conjugate, the second verb remains in the infinitive. (Ejs. 1 & 3)
Anytime the word "to" is in front of a verb, it should remain in the infinitive. (Ejs. 1 & 3)
*****DO NOT STEM-CHANGE IN THE NOSOTROS FORM!!!*****
___________________________________________________________________________
3. I don't want to go to the movies tonight.
(querer, e-ie)- Yo no quiero ir al cine esta noche.
*HOW/WHY?- I conjugated the verb querer (to want/to love) into the "yo" form of the present tense. I have another verb in this sentence (to go). I left "ir" in the infinitive for 2 reasons. (1) I CANNOT conjugate 2 verbs side by side, (2) it says "to go". ANYTIME "to" is in front of a verb, it must remain in the infinitive! My ending is –o, because querer is an –er verb, and the subject is "yo".
4. Father and you are measuring the wall.
-(medir, e-i)- Uds. miden la pared.
*HOW/WHY?- I conjugated the verb medir (to measure) into the "Uds." form of the present tense. Anyone else+you will always be Uds. I do NOT have a word for "are" in my answer because it is included in the conjugated verb. My ending is –en, because medir is an –ir verb, and the subject is Uds.

11. Ejemplos- SCV-(Present Tense)
An L. Ford Production
©2015
In order to correctly conjugate stem-changing verbs, use the REGULAR PRESENT TENSE ENDINGS; NOT THE PRESENT PROGRESSIVE ENDINGS.
Do NOT put "es"/"son" in these answers. The "is" and the "are" are INCLUDED in the conjugated verb.
When a sentence has 2 verbs, you CANNOT conjugate both verbs if they are side by side. The first verb will conjugate, the second verb remains in the infinitive. (Ejs. 1 & 3)
Anytime the word "to" is in front of a verb, it should remain in the infinitive. (Ejs. 1 & 3)
*****DO NOT STEM-CHANGE IN THE NOSOTROS FORM!!!*****
_________________________________________________________________________
5. We are eating lunch in the cafeteria.
-(almorzar, o-ue)- Nosotros almorzamos en la cafetería.
*HOW/WHY?- I DID NOT do a stem-change on this verb. Why? NO STEM-CHANGES IN THE NOSOTROS FORM!!!!! My ending is –amos, because almorzar is an –ar verb, and the subject is nosotros.
6. You (fs) are having a snack in the kitchen.
-(merender, e-ie)- Ud. meriende en la cocina.
*HOW/WHY?- I conjugated the verb merender into the Ud. form of the present tense. You (formal singular= Ud.) My ending is an –e, because merender is an –er verb, and the subject is Ud.