1. Voice Disorders Clinical Applications Chapter 6
Perry C. Hanavan, AuD

2. Electroglottography (EGG) or Laryngography
EGG Vibrato lab.mov
 a system which gives information on the closure of vocal folds by measuring electrical resistance between two electrodes placed around the neck

3. Endoscopy and Videostroboscopy
 Videotaping with a technique called stroboscopy to evaluate the function of the vocal cords, or larynx, in people with voice disorders
During speech, the vocal folds too rapidly to permit examination with a normal light source

4. Videokymography (VKG)
Videokymography - automatic detection
Videokymography (VKG)
High-speed medical imaging method to visualize the human vocal fold vibration dynamics

5. Amyotrophic Lateral Sclerosis (ALS)
A.L.S. - Lou Gehrig's disease
Progressive degeneration of the motor neurons of the central nervous system, leading to wasting of the muscles and paralysis

6. Parkinson’s Disease
How Parkinson's Disease Affects the Body -- The Doctors
Progressive disorder of the nervous system that affects movement
Develops gradually, sometimes starting with a barely noticeable tremor in just one hand

7. Unilateral Vocal Fold Paresis/Paralysis

8. Voice Disorders Diplophonia Neurologic Spasmodic disphonia
Muscle Tension Dysphonia (MTD) is a general term to describe excessive and unnecessary tension of laryngeal muscles during voicing. 
MTD is often referred to by many different names including - hyperfunction, functional dysphonia, ventricular or false vocal fold compression, etc. 
MTD is thought to be a compensatory mechanism in the presence of underlying laryngeal pathology. 
Symptoms often include a sensation of excessive laryngeal tension and strain, vocal fatigue, and hoarseness.
Neurologic
Spasmodic disphonia

9. Paradoxical Vocal Fold Motion
Paradoxical Vocal Cord Motion
 (PVFM) is a voice disorder
Vocal folds (cords) behave in a normal fashion almost all of the time, but, when an episode occurs, the vocal cords close when they should open, such as when breathing

10. Gastroesophageal Reflux Disorder (GERD)
The Effects of Gastric Acid on the True Vocal Cords 
Gastroesophageal refers to the stomach and esophagus
Reflux means to flow back or return
Gastroesophageal reflux is the return of the stomach's contents back up into the esophagus

11. Laryngeal Cancer

12. Hearing Loss
Navigating deafness in a hearing world | Rachel Kolb | TEDxStanford

13. Transsexual Voice
FTM transgender/transsexual- Voice comparison from pre-T to 5.5 months on T

14. Medications Adversely Affecting Voice
Antidepressants
Muscle relaxants
Diuretics
Antihypertensives (blood pressure medication)
Antihistamines (allergy medications)
Anticholinergics (asthma medications)
High-dose Vitamin C (greater than five grams per day)  
Angiotensin-converting-enzyme (ACE) inhibitors (blood pressure medication) may induce a cough or excessive throat clearing.
Pill may cause edema in the vocal cords due to estrogen.
Estrogen replacement therapy post-menopause may have effect.
Low level of thyroid replacement medication in patients with hypothyroidism.
Anticoagulants (blood thinners) may increase chances of vocal cord hemorrhage or polyp formation in response to trauma.

15. Medical Conditions Affecting Voice
Poor health
Laryngitis
Laryngopharyngeal Reflux Disease (LPRD)
Voice misuse and overuse
Benign vocal cord nodules
Vocal Cord Hemorrhage
Vocal Cord Paralysis and Paresis
Neurologic related
Laryngeal cancer