1. Bell Ringer
Analyze the political cartoon.

2. Nationalism in the Interwar Era
EQ: How did the end of WWI impact non-Western nations?

3. Decline of the Ottoman Empire
“Sick Man of Europe”
Fought on the Central Powers in WWI (Losing Side)
Empire collapsed after WWI

4. Armenians were a Christian minority within the Ottoman Empire
Armenian Genocide
Genocide – the deliberate mass murder or physical extinction of a particular racial, political, or cultural group.
Armenians were a Christian minority within the Ottoman Empire
Accused of supporting Russia in WWI
Killed / deported
Estimated 1.5 million death toll

5. Modernization of Turkey
Mustafa Kemal “Ataturk” (Father Turk)
Adopted policy of westernization
Industrialization
Outlawed the use of the Fez
Discouraged women using a veil – granted inheritance and marriage rights
Created a secular state (rejecting religious influence on government)

6. Made by the British during WWI
Balfour Declaration
Made by the British during WWI
Supported Zionism, or the creation of a Jewish homeland in Palestine
Palestine was ancient home to Jews (80% Arab Muslim)
Leads to Jewish migration and conflict

7. Struggle for Indian Independence
Despite fighting in WWI India remained a subject of the British Empire Armitsar Massacre 1919 – British soldiers fired on a group of peaceful protesters, killed hundreds

8. Struggle for Indian Independence
Mahatma (Mohandas, or Great Soul) Gandhi
Civil Disobedience – refusal to obey laws that are considered to be unjust
Salt March – led a group of protesters on a march to the coast to harvest salt in defiance of British laws
Satyagraha – policy of passive political resistance, focused on non-violence

9. Struggle for Indian Independence
Competing interests prevented India from achieving independence until after WWII
Gandhi’s followers were anti-Western and religious
Many new reformers were pro-Western and secular
Muslim’s felt ignored by the Hindu majority and wanted the creation of a separate nation

10. Decline of the Qing Dynasty
Western imperialism + anti- Western sentiment
Widespread poverty (esp. peasants) /high taxes
Powerful warlords controlled large territories

11. Revolution of 1911
Empress Ci Xi attempted to make legal and education reforms – too little, too late
After Empress dies the last emperor the last emperor was infant boy
Revolt overthrows the last of the Qing dynasty – China now controlled by warlords

12. Chinese Nationalism
Sun Yat-Sen – Leader of the Guomindang (GMD,) or Chinese Nationalist Party
Anti-Western imperialism -> Lacked military support
Appealed to urban middle-class

13. Chinese Communist Party (CCP)
Formed in 1921 – Radicals and faculty of Beijing University
Led by Mao Zedong
Appealed to rural peasants (vast majority of population)

14. Changing of the Guard
Sun Yat-Sen died in 1925 – replaced by Chiang Kai-Shek
Chiang Kai-Shek did not trust the CCP
1927 – Shanghai Massacre
Attempted to wipe out the Communist party

15. Communists on the Run
After Shanghai party leaders fled to Mao Zedong’s communist base in southern China
The GMD eventually surrounded Mao’s base -> Communism in China looked like it would be stamped out of existence
The Long March
The CCP broke through and began a year long 6,000 mile march to the last communist stronghold in northern China
Suffered heavy casualties but survived

16. War with Japan
Japanese invasions of China in 1931 and 1937 led to the GMD and CCP unifying forces once again to deal with the imperial threat

17. Essential Question
How did the end of WWI impact non-Western nations?