1. The Reformation – Martin Luther
2nd YR

2. Who was he? He was the man who started the Reformation How?
He was a German monk
Got sick of abuses in the Catholic Church
Tried to get Church to change
ended up setting up a new church
Called the Lutheran Church

3. Early life Born Saxony in 1483 Studied law caught in thunderstorm
prayed to St Anne
Promised to become a monk
so studied theology

4. Before fame became a priest and monk in Wittenberg
Believed he was a terrible sinner
read bible closely
became convinced that there was only way to get into Heaven
called ‘Justification by Faith alone’

5. Differences to Catholicism
Catholic Church said both faith and good works were necessary
Luther believed only faith was necessary
why?
No mention of good works in Bible

6. Indulgences Pope Leo X - rebuilding St Peter’s Basilica Needed cash
Introduced a special indulgence
John Teazel sold this indulgence in Wittenberg
Luther was furious
Saw this as ‘buying your way’ into Heaven

7. 95 Theses Wrote a list called ‘95 Theses’
Contained 95 problems with the Catholic Church
Posted it on the church door of Wittenberg
Became famous

8. Printing Pamphlets Invention of printing in 1400s was crucial
Helped spread Luther’s ideas all over Germany
Wrote pamphlets containing his ideas

9. Luther’s Aims he didn’t want to leave the Church
he just wanted to reform the Church
ie make it better
but the dispute became serious
The Church wouldn’t change

10. Pope’s Response Leo X - Papal Bull Called ‘Exurge Domine’
Told Luther to ‘recant’ his beliefs
Condemned as a heretic
If he refused he would be excommunicated
ie thrown out of Church

11. Luther’s Reponse Luther publicly burned the Papal Bull
Refused to take back his ideas
A clash was inevitable
Some people supported Luther..
..Some supported the Church

12. Luther burns papal bull

13. Who ruled Germany? Overall ruler of Germany was the Holy Roman Emperor
He had close links to the Pope
Germany split into diff provinces
each province ruled by a prince
the prince of Saxony was Frederick the Wise
He agreed with Luther

14. Diet of Worms Luther united to a meeting at Worms
..to discuss his views
Called the Diet (Meeting) of Worms
He refused to recant his beliefs

15. Edict of Worms As a result, he was condemned as a heretic
Made an outlaw by the Edict of Worms
The Edict was the written decision of the meeting
Luther’s life now in danger

16. Rescued Luther was ‘kidnapped’ by Frederick the Wise
Hidden in his castle in disguise
Stayed there a yr in secret
He translated the Bible from Latin
..into German
This is called the vernacular
Vernacular means whatever language is spoken in the area

18. Why translate? Bible into Latin No one but bishops could understand it
Even most priests didn’t understand it
Luther wanted people to be able to read it
..and see for themselves

19. Spread of his ideas Famous because of printing
Spread through German states
Up into Scandinavia
Emperor tried to ban Luther’s idea
But some princes protested
Became known as Protestants

20. War This dispute led to war between the states and the emperor
Ended with the Peace of Augsburg in 1555
Each prince could decide the religion of his state
Lutheranism was the 1st Protestant Church

21. Why did Luther succeed? 1. His beliefs were based on the Bible
..so he couldn’t be contradicted
2. Printing press meant his ideas could spread quickly
..and couldn’t be controlled by the Church
3. He was supported by his Prince, Frederick,
..who stood up for him

22. Luther’s Beliefs 1. Bible was source of all beliefs
2. Justification by faith alone
3. Prince was head of Church
4. Services would be in German (the vernacular)

23. Luther’s Beliefs (2) 5. Only two sacraments (Baptism and Eucharist)
6. Both wine and blood were present in communion
7. People should read the Bible for themselves
8. Priests could marry

24. Recap Questions 1. Write down 5 problems in Catholic church
2. What were the 95 Theses?
3. How did the Pope respond?
4. Who was the Pope?
5. What happened at Diet of Worms?
6. How was Germany ruled?
7. How was the religious problem in Germany sorted?

25. Vocab recap 95 Theses Indulgences John Teazel Frederick the Wise
Vernacular
Salvation by Faith alone
Edict

26. Vocab recap Diet of Worms Heretic Excommunicated Peace of Augsburg
Protestant
Papal Bull

27. Recap – write down 5 diffs between catholics and protestants