1. The Reformation
1517 A.D.

2. How it began… Corruption within the Catholic Church
Ability of common man to read the Bible
Introduction of Humanistic thinking

3. The Catholic Church had become very powerful and wealthy during the Middle Ages. With the power and wealth came corruption (this is bad)…
The Church began selling indulgences, or official pardons by the pope. If people committed a sin, they could pay money to the church and be forgiven.

4. Martin Luther A German monk Challenged the Church
1st successful
Intended to “reform” the Church
95 Theses - Nailed (complaints) to a church in Wittenberg, Germany in 1517.
THC: Martin Luther & 95 Theses (2:54)

5. Martin Luther NEVER intended to abolish or dismantle the Church
Martin Luther NEVER intended to abolish or dismantle the Church! This act began the Reformation - a time of improvement or reform for religious customs. ** REFORM = to change **

6. Martin Luther believed…
Salvation could NOT be earned by good deeds, but given by God through Grace
Believed followers could communicate directly with God through prayer and reading the Bible

7. Martin Luther’s 95 Thesis challenged the basic principles of the Catholic Church!
Faith alone vs. Faith & “works”
Direct access to God vs. intermediary
Corruption of the Church
selling of indulgences
excommunication
THC: Martin Luther sparks a Revolution (3 min)

8. This later became known as the Protestant Reformation!
The Effects
Protests against the Church spread across Europe. These people of protest became Protestants.
This later became known as the Protestant Reformation!

9. John Calvin Expanded Luther’s intent of bringing Church reforms
Rallied to reject Catholicism in favor of Protestantism
Developed new branch of Protestantism
Calvinism

10. New Protestants of Calvinism
Puritans
Huguenots
Presbyterians

11. Which part of Europe seems to be followers of Protestantism?
Which area continues to show loyalty to Catholicism?
Northern
(England, Netherlands, Denmark, Sweden & Norway)
Southern
(France, Spain, Italy, Austria & Poland)

12. How did it spread?
The rapid reproduction of Bibles (Printing Press) enabled widespread participation in the Reformation. This resulted in a movement that transformed European society & culture.

13. How did the Church react?
Many Catholics agreed with the criticism, but did not turn away from the Church. They decided to reform itself which became known as the Counter (Catholic) Reformation!

14. The Catholic Church tried to squash the Reformation through political and religious pressure.
Germany continuously struggled with whether or not they will remain Catholic or covert to Protestantism. This is where the Reformation began!
Germany became the focal point and Charles V launched an unsuccessful war on them!

15. Established seminaries to train priests
THE COUNCIL OF TRENT
Established seminaries to train priests
Established Jesuits
Lead missionary work
overseas
When Pope Paul III came to power ( ), the Protestant threat and demands for reform became too intense to ignore. The Church had specific demands that called for a council to deal with all of the church's problems. This group met over a 20 year period and made significant reforms within the Church.

16. Diet of Worms
Martin Luther was excommunicated in Luther was given the chance to appear before a trial at the Diet of Worms.

17. Diet (dee-et)
Worms (Verms)
an assembly of the Holy Roman Empire held in the town of Worms, Germany.

18. Diet of Worms cont…
During this trial, Luther was asked to take back his teaching and refuse to continue in his practice. He quoted: "Here I stand; I can do no other." Luther went into hiding while the assembly debated. The following month, the members decided that Luther should be captured and turned over to the emperor for punishment. The edict, however, was never enforced.

19. Final Results International War(s)
Nation-states continued to fight the Catholic/Protestant issue for decades!
International War(s)
Thirty Years’ War
Massive retaliation/persecution of people as nations tried to establish the religious identify of its people.
Bloody Mary (England)
Spanish Inquisition

20. Indulgences were officially banned from the Church.
The Christian Church split again into Catholic and Protestant. (FYI: the Church had split once before in 1054 between Catholic and Orthodox - remember?)
Other Christian religions eventually branched off from Protestantism and developed (i.e. Baptist, Methodist, Episcopalian…)