1. Faculty of Engineering and Computer Sciences
Thermodynamics I ENGR 251
Course Introduction
Faculty of Engineering and Computer Sciences
Concordia University

2. Lecture 0
Purpose: Introduction about this course and go through all the logistics
essential information
course format
evaluation scheme
course topics

3. Instructor: Dr. Hoi Dick Ng
Room: EV
Tel: (514) ext 3177
Office Hours: Mondays 2:30pm - 4:00pm or by appointment
Webpage:
Contain class lecture powerpoints & supplements
Homework exercises and solutions
Last minute announcements

4. Password therme PASSWORD:
To open any the pdf file posted on the course website, use:
PASSWORD:
therme

5. Teaching Assistants Mr. Xavier Lesperance Tutorial MA F 16:15-17:55
Tutorial MA   F  16:15-17:55
MB S2.115
Mr. Jonathan Gabizon
Tutorial MB   F  11:45-13:25
MB S2.401 
TBA
 Markers

6. NO TUTORIAL THIS FRIDAY Sept. 8, 2017
THE TUTORIAL SESSION BEGINS ON FRIDAY SEPT. 15, 2017

7. Objectives
To present a comprehensive treatment of classical thermodynamics within the framework of an engineering technology curriculum
The course consists in three equally important parts:
Lectures
Tutorials
(Quiz/mini-project)
Homework
To present the fundamentals of thermodynamics, including applications of the first and second laws, enthalpy, entropy, and reversible and irreversible processes.
To train the learned concepts introduced during the lectures
Apply the learned concepts

8. Objectives Graduate Attributes:
This course covers the following graduate attributes:
1) A knowledge base for engineering
Demonstrated competence in university level mathematics, natural sciences, engineering fundamentals, and specialized engineering knowledge appropriate to the program.
2) Problem analysis
An ability to use appropriate knowledge and skills to identify, formulate, analyze, and solve complex engineering problems in order to reach substantiated conclusions.

9. Motivation Why should I learn thermodynamics in engineering ?
Engineering thermodynamics is the study of how energy and heat can be used to perform useful work.
Knowledge of thermodynamics is required to design any device involving the interchange between heat and work, or the conversion of material to produce heat (combustion).
In order to consider yourself an Engineer, you must understand the concepts of thermodynamics and be able to apply them to real-world systems. !!!!

10. Motivation Why should I learn thermodynamics in engineering ?
why we can’t make ICE cars that are 100% efficient?
why your coffee gets cold or your beer (or soda) gets warm?

11. Who can tell me the second law of thermodynamics?
Well… this may be true for you while you are still the first year junior. But definitely not for thermo and those who pass this course….

12. Conservation of energy
Motivation
Why should I learn thermodynamics ?
This schematic demonstrates how the main concepts of this course are interrelated.
Heat
1st Law
2nd Law
Converted heat to work
Heat flows from hot to cold
Conservation of energy
Quality of energy
Analysis of engineering systems

13. $300 for hard cover $200 for soft cover $144 for the e-book
Recommended Textbook:
Y.A. Cengel and M.A. Boles, “Thermodynamics: An Engineering Approach”, 7th edition (SI), McGraw Hill. Or any other edition
We will cover most of Chapters 1 through 9 of this text. You are encouraged to consult other thermodynamics textbooks (see those given in the course outlines) to see different approaches to the course concepts.

14. Topics
Basic concepts
Definition and fundamental ideas of thermodynamics
The concept of “a system”, “a state”, “equilibrium”, “process”, etc.
Zeroth law of thermodynamics (which defined a useful property, “temperature”)
Properties of pure substances
First law concepts ( “energy conservation and interaction”)
How to determine the energy of a system
Changing the state of a system (energy exchange) with heat and work
How to perform an energy balance for a “closed” or “open” system
Second law concepts
The definition of entropy
Why heat flows from hot to cold (Quality of energy)
Why perpetual motion machines are impossible
Applications
Application of thermodynamics to heat engines; engineering cycles

15. Grading Scheme Quiz 7.5% Mini-project 7.5% Midterm Text 30%
(Tentatively scheduled for October 7, 2016)
Mini-project 7.5%
Students to Students project S2S project
Midterm Text 30%
(Tentatively scheduled for November 7, 2016)
Final Exam 55%
** Faculty approved calculator only
(Sharp EL-531 or Casio FX-300MS or equivalent)
*** Must get a passing mark (50%) for the final to pass the course

16. S2S Project List of topics: What is thermodynamics? Properties tables
S2S project: Students will have to record a short video (up to 5 minutes) explaining any topic of their choice covered in thermodynamics.  By posting the videos, future students will be exposed to different ways of explaining the same topic (for example, the second law of thermodynamics). This project can be done individually or as a team of maximum four members.
List of topics:
What is thermodynamics?
Properties tables
Phase diagrams
Heat and work
Equation of states
1st law of thermodynamics
2nd law of thermodynamics
Gas Power and vapor Cycles
Carnot principle
Entropy

17. SHARP EL-531

18. Some tips in solving thermodynamics problem

19. Some tips in solving thermodynamics problem
Write down a problem statement at the beginning (e.g., what are you looking for) and include a diagram/sketch that helps to clearly define your system and variables.
State any assumptions needed to solve the problem, justified them if necessary.
Express each step in a systematic and rigorous manner.
Use units appropriately and consistent with the problem statement
Use the correct number of significant digits
Correctly obtain data from thermodynamic tables
At the end of the question, think if your answer makes sense. (e.g., if you find 10,000C of your cup of coffee, you may want to check your steps and arithmetics.
Write your solution clearly. Learn how to effectively communicate engineering solution to your employers and customers.

20. Importance of Dimensions and Units
We will also use the SI units systems [SI for Système International]. Why? Because the relationship between the various units in the SI system is simple and logical and based on a decimal relationship.
The SI system is based on seven fundamental quantities:
Metric SI system: A simple and logical system based on a decimal relationship between the various units.
English system: It has no apparent systematic numerical base, and various units in this system are related to each other rather arbitrarily.

21. Importance of Dimensions and Units
The SI system is based on seven fundamental quantities:
Ref: Cengel & Boles

22. Importance of Dimensions and Units
Derived units:
Force (F) Newton N
Pressure (P) Pascal Pa
Energy (E) Joule J
Newton’s Law states: Force = mass x acceleration
F = ma
[N] = [kg] [m/s2]  1 N = 1 kgm/s2
P = F / A
[Pa] [kgm/s2] [m2]  1 Pa = 1 kg/ms2
E = F  x
[J] = [kgm/s2] [m]  1 J = 1 kgm2/s2

23. Dimensional Homogeneity
All equations must be dimensionally homogeneous.
Ref: Cengel & Boles
- “Never add apples to oranges” principle
When solving a physical problem, all the equations must be dimensionally homogeneous, i.e, all the terms in the equation have to have the same units.
So, if at a certain step of the solution, you are adding two quantities with different units: that
means that there is an error somewhere.
To be dimensionally homogeneous, all the terms in an equation must have the same unit.
Our equation is not homogeneous, and to solve the problem we have to multiply Qout = qout by the mass (in kg) to get kJ, and then we will be able to do the addition and to compute the work (W). [Note that we can also divide Qin by the mass in (kg)].

24. Some tips in solving thermodynamics problem
PRACTICE!

25. How to succeed in this course
Attend all lectures and tutorials
Study class lectures regularly
Do the homework (not memorize the solutions)
Discuss with your colleagues and T.A.s
You are encouraged to engage in discussions regarding class topics, in class, after class. Generally if you have a question, so does someone else! Don’t be shy.
Most important, ENJOY this course

26. Don’t PAY for any medical note Don’t MSN/ICQ or chit-chat in class
Don’t COPY
Don’t CHEAT
Don’t BE LAZY
Don’t BREAK your arm
Don’t PAY for any medical note
Don’t MSN/ICQ or chit-chat in class
Don’t FALL asleep
Don’t DEFER
Don’t forget you are a University student
…etc
PLEASE try not to leave in the middle of the lecture.
Don’t forget you are an University student and a future engineer
All students should become familiar with the University’s Academic Code of Conduct (see

27. Week Topics Supplementals
Week #1 (Sept. 6)
Introduction
Week #2 (Sept. 11/ Sept. 13)
Basic thermodynamics concepts
Basic concepts: temperature and pressure
Week #3 (Sept. 18 / Sept. 20)
Properties of pure substances: Phase changes
Properties of pure substances: thermodynamic table
Week #4 (Sept. 25 / Sept. 27)
Quiz #1 (Oct. 6, 2017)
Week #5 (Oct. 2 / Oct. 4)
Ideal gas equation of states
Compressibility factor (additional information)
Week #6 (Oct. 9 / Oct. 11)
THANKSGIVING (holiday)
Specific heats
Energy transfer by heat and work
Week #7 (Oct. 16 / Oct. 18)
Energy transfer by heat and work (continued)
First law of thermodynamics – closed systems
Midterm review
---- Midterm exam will cover all the above chapters -----
Week #8 (Oct. 23 / Oct. 25)
First Law analysis – open systems
Control volume energy analysis
Week #9 (Oct. 30 /Nov. 1)
Control volume energy analysis (continued 1)
Control volume energy analysis (continued 2)
Week #10 (Nov. 6 / Nov. 8)
Midterm exam
Basic gas power and vapor cycles
Week #11 (Nov. 13 / Nov. 15)
Basic gas power and vapor cycles (continued)
The second law of thermodynamics
Week #12 (Nov. 20 / Nov. 22)
Reversibility
Carnot Cycle / Entropy
Quiz #2
Week #13  (Nov. 27 / Nov. 29)
Entropy (continued) and Tds equations
Isentropic Efficiencies of Steady Flow Devices
----- Final exam will cover all the above chapters
Extra reference materials
Steady flow work
Entropy balance for open systems
Week #14 (Dec. 4)
Final review

29. Provisional Course Schedule
Week Dates Topic Textbook
Chapters
Sept. 9 – Sept. 11 Basic concepts: temperature, and pressure 1
2 Sept. 16 – Sept. 18 Properties of solids and liquids 3
3 Sept. 23 – Sept. 25 Phase changes, equilibrium, and thermodynamic tables 3
4 Sept. 30 – Oct. 2 Ideal gas law and thermodynamic properties 3
5 Oct. 7 – Oct. 9 Energy transfer by heat and work 2, 4
6 Oct Midterm
7 Oct. 21 – Oct. 23 First Law analysis of closed systems 4
8 Oct. 28. – Oct. 30 First Law analysis of open systems 5
9 Nov. 4 – Nov. 6 Gas power cycles (converting heat to work) & engines 9
10 Nov. 11 – Nov. 13 Engines (planes, trains, and automobiles) 9
11 Nov. 18 – Nov. 20 Heat engines (maximizing efficiency) 9&6
12 Mechanical energy and the First Law
13 Mar. 16 – Mar. 20 The Second Law and perpetual motion machines 6
14 Mar. 23 – Mar. 27 Entropy, probability, and the arrow of time 7