1. HW: Translation Homework
Monday
March 20, 2017
I can:
explain how cells make proteins
Catalyst
What are the 6 stages of the cell cycle (including mitosis)?
What is the process of making an RNA message from DNA called?
What are the 3 types of RNA, and what do they do?
During which part of the cell cycle does the cell grow/make proteins?
Agenda
(10) Catalyst
(20) Review Mitosis
(15) GN: Translation
(15) GP: Protein Synthesis
(15) Translation Homework
(5) Exit Ticket
HW: Translation Homework

2. The cell cycle is the series of four events that cells go through as they grow and divide.
G1 phase
S phase
G2 phase
M phase

3. The cell cycle is the series of four events that cells go through as they grow and divide.
G1 phase
Gap 1 phase: Cells grow in size and make new proteins and organelles.

4. The cell cycle is the series of four events that cells go through as they grow and divide.
S phase
Synthesis phase: DNA replication occurs

5. The cell cycle is the series of four events that cells go through as they grow and divide.
G2 phase
Gap 2 phase: Cell prepares for mitosis.

6. The cell cycle is the series of four events that cells go through as they grow and divide.
G1 phase
S phase
G2 phase
The first 3 stages of the cell cycle are called interphase. The cell spends most of its time in interphase.

7. The cell cycle is the series of four events that cells go through as they grow and divide.
M phase
Mitotic phase: Cell divides. Consists of 2 parts:
mitosis – nucleus divides
cytokinesis – cytoplasm and cell membrane divide

8. (before mitosis) Interphase
Mitosis is the process by which a cell divides itself one time to produce 2 identical daughter cells.
occurs in 4 phases
(before mitosis) Interphase
G1 phase
G2 phase
S phase
Prophase
DNA condenses into chromosomes
nuclear envelope breaks down
Metaphase
chromosomes line up across the center of the cell
spindle fibers attach to chromosomes
Anaphase
sister chromatids split and move apart to opposite ends of the cell
Telophase
chromosomes begin to loosen
nuclear envelope reforms

9. After mitosis is through, cytokinesis occurs to split the cytoplasm and cell membrane.

10. Notes #21: Translation

11. DNA provides the instructions for making proteins
DNA provides the instructions for making proteins. The Central Dogma of Biology tells us how proteins are made from DNA instructions.
The order or sequence of bases in an mRNA molecule determines the order in which amino acids are joined together.

12. The Genetic Code C T C G T C A G A G G A A A A
The “language” of mRNA instructions is called the genetic code.
each 3-letter “word” is called a codon and it makes a particular amino acid
C T C G T C A G A G G A A A A
Leu
Val
Arg
Gly
Lys

13. Translation decodes mRNA to produce polypeptide chains at the ribosome.

14. Step 4: The tRNA floats away.
Step 3: The ribosome forms bonds between the amino acids to form a polypeptide chain.
Step 2: Each tRNA carries an amino acid to the complementary sequence on the mRNA.
Step 1: mRNA attaches to the ribosome.

15. DNA  mRNA  amino acid
Codon charts show amino acids produced from codons 15

16. mRNA codon Amino acid UCC AGA UGU UGA
AGA
UGU
UGA
ser
arg
cys
stop 16

17. DNA: T T A C G T A T C mRNA: Codons: A A U G C A U A G Amino acids:
asp
ala
stop 17

18. DNA: mRNA: tRNA: amino acids:
T A C T G A T C G A C C C C C A T A A T G A A A A T C
mRNA:
A U G A C U A G C U G G G G G U A U U A C U U U U A G
tRNA:
U A C U G A U C G A C C C C C A U A A U G A A A A U C
amino acids: