1. Chapter 20: The East Asian World (1400-1800)
Part 1: The Ming and Qing in China

2. ISOLATION What is isolationism?
During this time in China (and Japan, too), their governments brought on isolationism to the country.
What is isolationism?
Are there any benefits to being an isolationist society?

3. Ming Dynasty! (1368 -1644) Origins / beginning
Founded by Yuanzhang in Chinese ruler.
Removed Mongols from power
Government
Centralized government w/ officials chosen by civil service exam
Constantly fought off invading Mongols and Japanese raiders on coast
Accomplishments
Nationwide school system
Increase in manufactured goods production
Extended the Great Wall
Built Forbidden City
Interactions w/ Europeans
Portuguese traders arrived and trade began  Portuguese ships carried goods between China and Japan, but direct trade between Europe and China was limited
Christian missionaries to China  exchange of ideas and new products
Decline
High taxes, government corruption, and an epidemic led to Peasant Revolt
Manchus conquered Beijing and replaced Ming dynasty with the Qing in 1644

4. Ming Dynasty and the Forbidden City
Imperial City was built in Beijing and the capital city was moved from Nanjing to Beijing
It was created to convey power and prestige
Complex of palaces and temples surrounded by six and a half miles of walls.
Off limits to commoners = Forbidden City!

5. Qing Dynasty! (1644 – 1912) Origins
Established by Manchu people from Manchuria
Overtook the capital of Beijing and replaced the Ming dynasty in 1644
Government
Kept Ming style of gov’t and employed Chinese officials, but placed Manchus in top positions
Adopted policy of pacification towards Mongols
Accomplishments
Increased territory to three times the size of Ming China
Began trade with Russia
Saw the increase of Chinese arts, literature, and music
Interactions w/ Europeans
Signed Treaty of Nerchinsk with Russia = established trade between the two empires
First, acceptance of Christian missionaries, then suppression of their activities in China
Sold trading privileges to Europeans, but British traders demanded more access to Chinese trading cities. China responded with limiting British access even more!

6. Qing Dynasty! (1644 – 1912)
Government ordered all males to adopt Manchu dress and hairstyles – men had to shave their foreheads and braid their hair into a pigtail called a queue. Those who refused to accept Manchu culture were deemed rebels and were executed --- “Lose your hair or lose your head!”
3. The Qing rulers limited British access to Chinese trading ports even more severely than before. They felt the British were overstepping their boundaries by demanding access to more cities.

7. Closure 5. a. Efficient and expanding 6. a. Ming b. Higher b. Qing4.
a. Efficient and expanding a. Ming
b. Higher b. Qing
c. Expelled from c. Ming
d. Japan d. Qing
Chinese attitude toward Europeans
European attitude towards Chinese
They are barbarians
They can send ships only to selected ports
We wish to increase our exports to them
We will send our trading ships to them whether or not they send ships to us