1. BTV2213 Thermodynamics Chapter 1: Introduction of Thermodynamics
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BTV2213 Thermodynamics Chapter 1: Introduction of Thermodynamics by
Nasrin Khodapanah
Faculty of Engineering Technology

2. Chapter Description Aims Expected Outcomes References
Introduce the vocabulary and basic concepts associated with thermodynamics
Explain the metric SI and the English unit systems
Employ the concepts of temperature, temperature scales, pressure, and absolute and gauge pressure
Expected Outcomes
Students able to understand basic concepts associated with thermodynamics
Students able to understand the metric SI and the English unit systems
Students able to understand the concepts of temperature, temperature scales, pressure, and absolute and gauge pressure
References
Cengel, Y.A and Boles, M.A (2010),”Thermodynamics: An Engineering Approach(7th Edition)”, McGraw Hill, New York
Cengel, Y.A (2012): Introduction to Thermodynamics and Heat Transfer, McGraw Hill, New York
Robert Balmer (2011): Thermodynamics, Jaico Publication

3. Thermodynamics concept
The behavior of energy (heat) flow is studied in thermodynamics. From this study, a number of physical laws have been established.
The laws of thermodynamics describe some of the fundamental truths observed in our Universe.
Thermodynamics = Therme Dynamis
(Heat) (Power)

4. Thermodynamics concept
Thermodynamics convert heat into power
Why is Thermodynamics useful?
Qualitative explanation of materials behaviour
Quantitatively understanding of materials status.
Physical significance of thermodynamic functions.

5. Thermodynamics concept
Thermodynamics: The science of energy.
Energy: The ability to cause changes.
Conservation of energy principle: During an interaction, energy can change from one form to another but the total amount of energy remains constant.
Energy cannot be created or destroyed.
The first law of thermodynamics: An expression of the conservation of energy principle.
The first law states that energy is a thermodynamic property.

6. Thermodynamics concept

7. Metric SI and the English unit systems
Any physical quantity can be characterized by dimension. The magnitude assigned to the dimension is called unit.
Primary/Fundamental dimensions
Some basic dimensions such as mass m, length L, time t, and temperature T are selected as primary or fundamental dimensions.
Secondary/Derived dimensions
while others such as velocity V, energy E, and volume V are expressed in terms of the primary dimensions and are called secondary dimensions, or derived dimensions.

8. Fundamental (primary) dimensions and units
SI Unit
English Unit
Mass kg
lbm
Length m ft
Time s
Temperature K R
Amount of matter
mol
lbmol
Electrical current A
Amount of light cd
candles

9. Example; SI and English units conversion
Work = Force  Distance
1 J = 1 N∙m
1 cal = J
1 Btu = kJ

10. Dimensional homogeneity
All equations must be dimensionally homogeneous.
All secondary units can be formed by combinations of primary units.
Force units, for example, can be expressed as
They can also be expressed more conveniently as unity conversion ratios as
Unity conversion ratios are identically equal to 1 and are unitless, and thus such ratios (or their inverses) can be inserted conveniently into any calculation to properly convert units.

11. The concepts of temperature and temperature scales

12. Temperature Scales

13. Temperature Scales Conversion Factors : -273.15 273.16 0.01 -459.67
273.16
0.01
491.69
32.02 ºC K ºF R

14. The concepts of pressure and absolute and gauge pressure

15. Pressure

16. Pressure
Local Atmospheric Pressure
( Sea Level )
Absolute Zero Pressure
P (gauge)
P (abs)
P (atm)
P (vacuum)
Variation of Pressure with Depth: Pressure is the same at all points on a horizontal plane in a given fluid regardless of geometry, provided that the points are interconnected by the same fluid.

17. Conclusion of The Chapter1
In this chapter the vocabulary associated with thermodynamics and basic concepts such as the metric SI and the English unit systems have been identified. We have also learnt about the concepts of temperature and pressure.
Now you should be able to conclude the chapter as follows:
Thermodynamics and energy
Application areas of thermodynamics
Importance of dimensions and units
Some SI and English units, Dimensional homogeneity, Unity conversion ratios
Temperature and the zeroth law of thermodynamics
Temperature scales
Pressure
Variation of pressure with depth

18. Hae-Geon Lee (2012) Introduction. Materials Thermodynamics
Huang, Biao, Yutong Qi, and A. K. M. Murshed. "First Principle Modelling for Chemical Processes." Dynamic Modelling and Predictive Control in Solid Oxide Fuel Cells: First Principle and Data-Based Approaches:
Kanoglu, Mehmet, Ibrahim Dincer, and Yunus A. Cengel. "Exergy for better environment and sustainability." Environment, Development and Sustainability 11.5 (2009):