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Skeletal System and Muscular System
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Skeletal System Function
Give your body shape Allow your body to move in conjunction with your muscles Protects your internal organs Marrow in bones produce red blood cells Bone acts as a storage place for essential minerals
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Bone Structure 4 Main types of Bone Outer layer is dense and hard
Long, short, flat, irregular Outer layer is dense and hard Smooth, white in color, 80% of bone mass Inner layer is spongy and pourus Allows for space for blood vessels, nerves, and marrow Makes us remaining 20% of bone mass
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Interesting Bone Facts
Newborn baby has around 300 bones. As they grow older, bones fuse together. 206 bones in fully grown humans. 54 bones in your hands + wrists, 26 in your feet and 29 in your head. One cubic inch of bone can withstand 19,000 pounds; stronger than concrete! Your skeleton replaces itself every ten years.
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Osteoperosis What is it? How do you prevent it?
Reduction in bone mass and density Increased risk of fractures Bones don’t hold their shape How do you prevent it? Avoid smoking and alcohol Consume Calcium and Vitamin D Do weight bearing exercise
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Major Bones: Cranium Clavicle Scapula Sternum Humerus Rib Cage Vertebral Column Radius Ulna Metacarpals Femur Patella Tibia Fibula Metatarsals
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Muscular System More than 600 muscles in your body
Muscles are made up of an elastic type tissue and tens of thousands of small fibers make up this tissue. 3 types of muscle: Smooth Cardiac Skeletal
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Smooth Muscle Involuntary Weakest of muscle types Found in body organs
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Cardiac Muscle Found only in the heart
Responsible for pumping blood throughout body Cells self-stimulate to contract, brain and hormones control rate of contraction
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Skeletal Muscle Voluntary muscles
They are attached to the bones by tendons Work in pairs Can grow stronger through process of “tearing” and “repairing”
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Major Muscles Frontalis Trapezius Deltoid Pectoralis Triceps Biceps
Latissimus Dorsi Abdominal Gluteus Maximus Quadriceps Hamstring Gastrocnemius Achilles Tendon Quadriceps Hamstring
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