1. U.S. History Goal 1: The New Nation (1789-1820)
1.01

2. Goal 1: The New Nation ( ) – The learner will identify, investigate, and assess the effectiveness of the institutions of the emerging republic

3. Objective 1.01
Identify the major domestic issues and conflicts experienced by the nation during the Federalist Period.

4. The Federalist Period
Federalists were supporters of the Constitution and a strong national government.
They had recently won ratification of the Constitution.

5. What made enough people finally give support to the Constitution?
Guarantee of a Bill of Rights – First 10 Amendments - many personal freedoms.

6. Bill of Rights Amendment 1: Religious and Political Freedom
Amendment 2: Bear Arms
Amendment 3: Quartering Troops
Amendment 4: Search and Seizure
Amendment 5: Accused Persons
Amendment 6: Speedy, Public Trial
Amendment 7: Trial by Jury in Civil Cases
Amendment 8: Fines and Punishments
Amendment 9: Rights of People
Amendment 10: Powers of States and People

7. James Madison – “Father of the Constitution”
Responsible for Bill of Rights

9. George Washington inaugurated April 30, 1789 in NY
unanimously selected

11. 1st task of new gov’t
Washington and Congress’ first task was to create a judicial system.
The Constitution authorized Congress to set up a federal court system.
Supreme Court

13. Judiciary Act of 1789
Provided for a Supreme Court (one chief justice and five associates)
3 federal circuit courts
13 federal district courts

14. Cabinet Congress creates 3 executive depts.
Dept. of State – Thomas Jefferson
Dept. of War – Henry Knox
Dept. of Treasury – Alexander Hamilton

15. Conflict in Washington’s Cabinet:
Alexander Hamilton
Strong central gov’t.
Commerce and industry
Loose interpretation of the Constitution
Thomas Jefferson
Weak central gov’t.
Farmer-citizens
Strict interpretation of Constitution

16. Loose Interpretation
Can do things not specifically stated in the Constitution
If the Constitution doesn’t say it, you can still slide by
Hamilton

17. Strict Interpretation
If the Constitution doesn’t say that you can do it, you YOU CAN’T DO IT.
Must stick to it word for word.
Jefferson

18. First Big Argument

19. How would the economy develop?
Laissez-faire – “hands off” of the economy.
Let natural market practices do their thing.

20. Hamilton’s Plan
As Sec. of Treasury, Hamilton wanted to get economy started right.
Hamilton’s Economic Plan –
Pay off federal and state debts
Create a Bank of the United States

21. Jefferson and Madison oppose
strict constructionists
said no to funding state debts
No to creation of a Bank of the U.S.

22. What did Washington think of all this?
Washington did not like parties and tried to remain above conflict (Washington’s Farewell Address)

23. Two-Party System
first two political parties developed around Jefferson and Hamilton.

24. Jefferson’s Supporters
Wanted limited federal gov’t., strong state gov’t.
Originally called Republicans,
Became Democratic-Republicans.

25. Hamilton’s Supporters
Wanted a strong central gov’t.
Called Federalists.

26. Getting the Economy Running
Hamilton – from the North (manufacturing)
vision of the U.S. becoming a nation based on commerce and industry

27. How do you make people buy American goods?
Make them cost less than foreign goods
Place a Protective Tariff on foreign goods – an import tax on incoming goods

28. Who would be upset by this?
Southerners, Democratic-Republicans

29. Is everybody going to obey the new government?
What happened when farmers revolted under the Articles of Confederation?
Shays’ Rebellion
Gov’t was powerless to respond

30. Is the new gov’t stronger than the Articles?
First major test – Whiskey Rebellion
Pennsylvania (western) farmers rebelled against an excise tax placed on whiskey

31. Response? - YES
Washington and Hamilton ride out at the head of a 15,000 strong army of militiamen and shut them up
Strength and supremacy of new gov’t under Constitution is proven