1. Adusumalli Mallikharjuna Rao Reg No: 11407829 ECE 508
DISSERTATION-I Presentation on Radio Propagation Path Loss Models for 5G Cellular Networks in Millimeter-Wave Bands
Adusumalli Mallikharjuna Rao
Reg No:
ECE 508
Under the guidance of
Mr. Koushik Barman
Assistant Professor, ECE
LPU, Jalandhar

2. OUTLINE: Introduction to 5G Challenges of 5G
Technologies proposed in 5G
D to D and Mm wave and Mimo communication
Path loss
Objectives
Propagation Models
Scope of study
Methodology
Results
Conclusion & future work
References

3. What is 5G?
5G (Technology) stands for 5th Generation Mobile Technology.
5G technology has evolved to use cell phones with very high bandwidths which is a packet switched wireless system with wide area coverage and higher Data Rate.
5G technologies use CDMA (code division multiple access), BDMA (Beam division multiple access) and millimeter wireless that enables more than 1Gbps.

4. Features of 5G
Following features of the 5G technology have come to mark
High resolution
Huge bandwidth
Higher data rates and
Quality of Service (QOS)

5. Why 5G? Data rate: Provide speeds between 10Gbps and 100Gbps.
Very low latency:
At present, 4G is capable of between 40ms and 60ms
In 5G ultra-low-latency could range from 1ms to 10ms
Real Time Applications.
Internet of things (IOT) or
Internet of Everything (IOE)

6. Internet of Things
By the year 2020, it is predicted by analysts that each person in the UK will own and use 27 internet connected devices.
There will be 50 billion connected devices worldwide.
Cells will automatically talk to each device to provide the best and most efficient service no matter where the user is.

7. Challenges for 5G:
To enhance such a wide range of technologies, 5G obviously have to concentrate on some parameters which lead to the requirements and challenges for the network such as
Energy and low cost
Performance of network
Lower latency
High availability and reliable
Large system capability
Stability
High data rates

8. Technologies proposed:
To fulfill quality of service, increased capacity, high data rate and lower latency, there has to be wide changes in network thus leads existence of emerging technologies which helps to manage those services and demands.
Massive MIMO
Device to Device communication
Millimeter wave implementation
Beam Division Multiple Access

9. Representation of technologies

10. MASSIVE MIMO
Generally MIMO have upto 10 antennas, where as massive MIMO will have more than 100 antennas.
But not all the antennas will work at the same time; a limited number of antennas will be operating at a time.
Spectral and energy efficiency can be dramatically improved.
They may use very low power in the order of milliwatts.

11. Device to Device Communication
Direct link communication between two different mobile users.
Works on both the cellular radio spectrum (In-band) and unlicensed radio spectrum (Out-band).

12. Millimeter Wave
There is a contradiction between capacity requirements and spectrum shortage becomes increasingly prominent.
Huge bandwidth in the millimeter wave (mm Wave) band from 30 to 300 GHz.
mm Wave communications have been proposed to be an important part of the 5G mobile network to provide multi-gigabit communication services such as high definition television (HDTV) and ultra-high definition video (UHDV).

13. Most of the current research is focused on the 28 GHz band, the 38 GHz band, the 60 GHz band, and the E-band (71–76 and 81–86 GHz).
There are many challenges in physical (PHY), medium access control (MAC), and routing layers for mmWave communications.
The high propagation loss, directivity, sensitivity to blockage, and dynamics due to mobility of mmWave communications require new thoughts and insights in architectures and protocols

14. Path loss
reduction in power density (attenuation) of an electromagnetic wave as it propagates through space. 
Path loss is a major component in the analysis and design of the link budget of a telecommunication system.

15. Objectives
Understand the advantages and drawbacks of millimeter wave communication and determining possible ways to overcome them.
To study present path loss model for LTE-A system
Study various radio propagation path loss models like cost 231 model, hata model etc.
Develop a new path loss model which may be applicable in millimeter wave.

16. Propagation Model Free Space Propagation
Predict received signal strength.
Transmitter and receiver are in line-of-sight.
Satellite communication and Microwave radio links undergo free space propagation.
Large-Scale radio wave propagation models predicts the received power decays as a function of T-R distance

17. Okumura Model Used for signal prediction in Urban areas.
Frequency range 150 MHz to 1920 MHz and extrapolated up to 3000 MHz.
Distances from 1 Km to 100 Km and base station height from 30 m to 1000 m.
Firstly determined free space path of loss of link.
Model based on measured data and does not provide analytical explanation.
Accuracy path loss prediction for mature cellular and land mobile radio systems in cluttered environment.

18. Hata Model Most widely used model in Radio frequency.
Predicting the behaviour of cellular communication in built up areas.
Applicable to the transmission inside cities.
Suited for point to point and broadcast transmission.
150 MHz to 1.5 GHz, Transmission height up to 200m and link distance less than 20 Km.

19. Scope of Study
Beyond 4G, 5G technologies include advanced features which make 5G technology most powerful and high demand in the future.
It is always amazing, such a wide collection of technologies being integrated into a simple micro device.
The 5G technology provides mobile station users more advanced features with high efficiency.

20. Methodology
Study about the various characteristics of millimeter wave, their advantages and drawbacks, possible ways to overcome these drawbacks.
Determining an appropriate architecture for millimeter wave communication.
Study and analysis of various radio propagation path loss models.
Analysis these models for 5G cellular networks in millimeter-wave bands.
Develop a new path loss model for millimeter wave communication.
Compare the results of the new model with the existing models.

21. Implement hata model
Select type of an environment like: small to medium size city, large city, open rural city, sub-urban city.
Select frequency between 150 mhz to 1500 mhz
Select ms antenna height between 1m to 10m
Select bs antenna height between 30m to 200m
Select distance
Calculate path loss in db
Implement cost 231 model
Select type of an environment like: small to medium size city, large city, sub-urban city.

22. Results & Discussion
cost-231 model

23. HATA PATH LOSS MODEL

24. Cont…
OKUMURA PATH LOSS MODEL

25. Conclusion
Radio propagation models are very much essential for the emerging technologies for appropriate design, deployment and management strategies for any wireless network. These models are heavily site specific and can vary significantly depending on terrain, frequency of operation, velocity of mobile terminal, interface sources and other dynamic factor. Accurate characterization of radio channel is a key parameter for the development of a mathematical model for predicting signal coverage.

26. References
T. Rappaport, Wireless Communications: Principles and Practice. Englewood Cliffs, NJ, USA: Prentice-Hall, 1996.
Sanskar Jain, NehaAgrawal, and Mayank Awasthi, “5G - The Future of Mobile Wireless Communication Networks,” in Advance in Electronic and Electric Engineering, vol.3, 2013
Amit Kumar, Dr. Yunfei Liu and Dr. Jyotsna Sengupta Divya, “ Evolution of Mobile Wireless Communication Networks 1G to 4G” IJECT Vol. 1, Issue 1, December 2010.
R. Baldemair et al., “Evolving wireless communications: Addressing the challenges and expectations of the future,” IEEE Veh. Technol. Mag.,vol. 8, no. 1, pp. 24_30, Mar
Saddam Hossian, “5G Wireless Communication Systems,” in American Journal of Engineering Research (AJER), vol.2, 2013.
T. S. Rappaport et al., “Millimeter wave mobile communications for 5G cellular: It will work” IEEE Access, vol. 1, pp , 2013.

27. T. Nassar K. Samimi, R. MacCartney and S
T. Nassar K. Samimi, R. MacCartney and S. Rappapor “ Radio Propagation Path Loss Models for 5G Cellular Networks in the 28 GHz and 38 GHz Millimeter-Wave Bands”, IEEE Communications Magazine September 2014.
A.N.Jadhav, Sachin S.Kale,“Suburban Area Path loss Propagation Prediction and Optimizations Using Hata Model at 2375MHz” IJARCCE Vol. 3, Issue 1, January 2014.
Muthanna Turki Nassar, and Ahmed Iyanda Sulyman, “Achievable RF Coverage and System Capacity using Millimeter Wave CellularTechnologies in 5G Networks” IEEE International Conference on Communications 2014.
Akhil Gupta, and Rakesh Kumar Jha, “A Survey of 5G Network: Architecture and Emerging Technologies,” in IEEE Trans., vol.3, July 2015.
Ericsson White paper, “5G Radio Access,”communication technology journal 2015.
Yong Niu,Yong Li, Depeng Jin, V. Vasilakos, “A Survey of Millimeter Wave (mmWave) Communications for 5G: Opportunities and Challenges”IEEE Communications Magazine September 2015