1. Network Lighting Controls – How to get inside the black box
Learning objectives:
Identify lighting control components, ways to save energy using lighting controls, and the process to the best network lighting solution for your facility.   
Facilities Management
University of Colorado
Denver | Anschutz Medical Campus

2. Occupancy Sensors-PIR
Detects the heat radiation produced by a warm object (building occupants) moving against a cooler background. As the warm object passes through the detecting areas of the sensor, and change is registered and motion is detected. Since the sensor is line of sight, they work well in areas with minimal obstructions such as open office plans, classrooms or individual offices.
Facilities Management
University of Colorado
Denver | Anschutz Medical Campus

3. Occupancy Sensors-PIR
Pros: Less chance of false activation.
Facilities Management
University of Colorado
Denver | Anschutz Medical Campus

4. Occupancy Sensors-PIR
Cons: Cannot “see” around partitions or walls. Generally cannot sense minor motion, such as motion while sitting.
Facilities Management
University of Colorado
Denver | Anschutz Medical Campus

5. Occupancy Sensors-PIR
Sensor placement
Facilities Management
University of Colorado
Denver | Anschutz Medical Campus

6. Occupancy Sensors-PIR
Facilities Management
University of Colorado
Denver | Anschutz Medical Campus

7. Occupancy Sensors-PIR
Facilities Management
University of Colorado
Denver | Anschutz Medical Campus

8. Occupancy Sensors-Ultrasonic
Ultrasonic: Uses sound waves at frequencies that cannot be heard by the human ear. These sound waves are bounced off of objects in a space. The frequency shift as the sound waves are reflected is used to detect motion. Generally works best in detecting minor motion, for example movement while sitting.
Facilities Management
University of Colorado
Denver | Anschutz Medical Campus

9. Occupancy Sensors-Ultrasonic
Pros: Can cover a very large area even when walls and partitions are present. Able to detect very minor movements.
Facilities Management
University of Colorado
Denver | Anschutz Medical Campus

10. Occupancy Sensors-Ultrasonic
Cons: High power requirements. Prone to false-on triggers.
Facilities Management
University of Colorado
Denver | Anschutz Medical Campus

11. Occupancy Sensors-Ultrasonic
Facilities Management
University of Colorado
Denver | Anschutz Medical Campus

12. Occupancy Sensors-Ultrasonic
Facilities Management
University of Colorado
Denver | Anschutz Medical Campus

13. Occupancy Sensors Dual Technology
Uses a combination of both PIR and ultrasonic to detect both major and minor motion in a space.
Can be used to make up for the shortcomings of single technology sensors. Dual-technology occupancy sensors use both PIR and ultrasonic technologies. Can be programmed to utilize the different technologies to sense and maintain occupancy status. For instance, requiring PIR to initially sense occupancy, but ultrasonic will maintain occupancy status.
Facilities Management
University of Colorado
Denver | Anschutz Medical Campus

14. Ambient Light Sensors Ambient Light Sensors or photocell:
Used to sense the available light levels in a space. As the amount of available ambient light increases within a space, the lighting system can decrease the electric lighting output while ensuring that proper light levels are maintained.
This is referred to as “daylight harvesting.”
Facilities Management
University of Colorado
Denver | Anschutz Medical Campus

15. User Interface Devices
Can be switches, buttons or something as advanced as a touchpad or PC being used
Provide a means for occupants to access the system. Can allow local control and override of lighting control functions (if programmed to do so).
Can also incorporate occupancy sensing technologies, such as PIR.
Facilities Management
University of Colorado
Denver | Anschutz Medical Campus

16. Power/Relay Packs
Power packs provide a means to provide power to lighting system components. Controls lights, outputs to HVAC systems, projectors, and plug loads.
They provide this system power by transforming Class 1 line voltage (120/277 VAC or 347 VAC) to Class 2 low voltage (15 or 24 VDC).
They may also contain relays that can be used to switch external line voltage devices, including lighting fixtures.
Control your emergency lights, acts as a security feature
Facilities Management
University of Colorado
Denver | Anschutz Medical Campus

17. Implementation Strategies
Implementation Strategies that will be discussed in detail include:
Occupancy Control: Space occupancy is determined using positive feedback from sensing devices.
Smart Time Scheduling: Manages light levels based on time of day and day of week.
Task Tuning: Setting the maximum light level output of a lamp in such a way that a space is not over-lit. Reduces energy usage and creates greater occupant comfort.
Daylight Harvesting: Automatically reduce lighting output to take advantage of ambient light from windows, etc.
Variable Load Shedding: Reduce lighting levels in response to a signal from the utility in an effort to reduce load on the power grid. Done in exchange for incentives or a lower energy cost.
Personal Control: Preset lighting scenes allowing occupants to select different lighting configurations to match requirements.
Facilities Management
University of Colorado
Denver | Anschutz Medical Campus

18. Design Requirements Standardized naming convention
All configuration or adjustments needs to be completed through the software package. Specify a system that does not require manual dipswitch changes at the field devices.
Virtual server
Sequence of operation
Project record documentation - Turnover of AutoCAD files updated with AsBuilt installation
Warranty
Replacement components and follow-up programming will require original PO from the installing electrical contractor.
Create a mock-up room.
Electricians to complete mandatory training on product installation.
Dedicated crew that is redlining the system installation.
Use premade cables.
Consider future maintenance and don’t mount devices above the celling over fixtures, diffusers, or sprinkler heads.
Minimum distance from HVAC diffusers and door swings
Facilities Management
University of Colorado
Denver | Anschutz Medical Campus

19. Planning/coordination
This: Not this:
Coordinate the location of the components on the shop drawings using the reflected ceiling plans.
Mechanical and electrical engineers working together to produce a coordination drawing.
Color blindness will cause problems during installation.
Facilities Management
University of Colorado
Denver | Anschutz Medical Campus

20. Interface with HVAC equipment
HVAC sequence – Occupancy sensors are interfaced for HVAC equipment operation.
Occupied range - 70° to 75°
Unoccupied range - 65° to 80° with damper and valve closed, reset open as needed.
Use in labs to setback air change rates during unoccupied times.
Manual on and auto off
All of the sensors are summed as one input to the VAV or suite.
Input can be hardwired or through communication, such as BACnet.
Use corner offices as always occupied areas.
May require a flush mode or spill buttons in labs
Interface with Events Management software
Facilities Management
University of Colorado
Denver | Anschutz Medical Campus

21. R1 performance 600,000 sq. ft. lab building
Use lighting to reduce ACH rates when areas are unoccupied
No one tells you when the lights are staying on
Yes, those are X-mas lights
Facilities Management
University of Colorado
Denver | Anschutz Medical Campus

22. R1 Energy Trend Pre 5-year average - 419 kBTU/GSF, Post - 296 kBTU/GSF
Watts per sq.ft. or KBtu/sq.ft./year savings.  Difficult to quantify, say up to 30% electric savings.  It all depends on the lighting and the operating hours.
Facilities Management
University of Colorado
Denver | Anschutz Medical Campus

23. Lessons learned
Keep in simple, do not use excessive amount of switch types, keep switches the same type from lab to office.
Setting back ventilation could require different coil sizing for VAVs
Move-in manual to set expectations of equipment operation.
All configuration or adjustments needs to be completed through the software package. Specify a system that does not require manual dipswitch changes at the field devices.
Questions?
Joe Kimitch -
Consider the ease of use for your customers, and limit the amount of types of switches that can be used for the various functions. The lab has a similar switch, as the office, as the breakroom and other areas.
If the system is not easy to use, repaired in a timely fashion and maintained then tenants will request that the system is disabled and a simple switch installed in its place.
If there is a lack of maintenance due to product quality, availability, and local service then maintenance staff may disable the system and bypass the components.
Future is fixtures with all components built in, occupancy sensors that can count people, optimizing AHU operation, and …
Facilities Management
University of Colorado
Denver | Anschutz Medical Campus