1. ASTRONOMY

2. What is Astronomy? The study of the objects in Space Levels:
Oldest science
Earth, Moon, Sun Positions
Planets and the Solar System
Stars and Galaxies
Levels:
Biosphere / Planet
Solar System
Galaxy
Universe

3. MOTION of the EARTH Rotation – Spinning on axis 1 Rotation = 1 Day
Revolution – traveling in orbit around the sun
1 Revolution = Days
Leap Year – an extra day added in February once every 4 years to make up for the extra ¼ day it takes for each revolution

4. MOTION of the EARTH Tilt of Axis  23.5o
Summer and Winter– Earth is tilted towards or away from the sun
Solstice – the day when the axis is pointed directly at or away from the sun
Northern Hemisphere season is opposite of Southern Hemisphere
Summer in the northern hemisphere (axis pointed toward the sun) is winter in the southern hemisphere (axis pointed away from the sun)
Amount of Daylight Changes
Tilt of the Earth’s axis also explains why the amount of daylight changes from summer to winter

5. Spring and fall– The earth’s axis is not tilted toward or away from the sun
Equinox – the day when the amount of daylight and night time is equal everywhere on Earth
Vernal Equinox – first day of spring
Autumnal Equinox – first day of fall

6. MOTION OF THE MOON Moon revolves around Earth 27 days = 1 revolution
Rotates at same rate
Same side of moon faces Earth
Phases - How much of lighted side you see from Earth
Waxing – getting bigger
Waning – getting smaller
Crescent – see a little bit
Gibbous – see most of it
Phases repeat every 29 days (approx. 1 month)

7. MOTION OF THE MOON
Eclipse – when an object in space casts it’s shadow on another object
Lunar Eclipse – Earth casts shadow on the moon
Solar Eclipse – Moon casts shadow on the Earth
Umbra – darkest part of the shadow
Full Eclipse
Penumbra – less dark part of the shadow
Partial Eclipse

9. MOTION OF THE MOON Tides – the rise and fall of water every 12.5 hours
4 tides every day  high, low, high, low
Caused by the gravitational pull of the moon and sun on the water on Earth
Moon has biggest effect
Oceans are effected the most
Spring Tide – moon, sun and Earth are in straight line
Greatest difference in height of water between high tide and low tide
Neap Tide – moon, sun and Earth form a right angle
Smallest difference in water height between high tide and low tide