1. Physics 101 Astronomy Day 3 notes Motion of the Moon, phases of the Moon, and eclipses of the Moon and Sun

2. Motion of the Moon and Phases of the Moon
The development of the current model of the solar system began with careful measurement of the movement of the Sun and the Moon.
To understand this, let’s review the motion and the phases of the Moon, as we currently understand them.
When we watch the Moon, it’s shape changes from one night to the next:

3. From the
astronomy
picture of
the day
web site
( link )

4. Earth and Moon, separately
From Apollo 17 spacecraft
From Earth

5. Earth and Moon, in one picture from the Galileo space probe as it traveled by the Earth on its way to Jupiter.

7. Lunar Phases

8. Lunar Eclipse

9. Lunar Eclipse

11. Solar Eclipse

12. Solar Eclipse over China

13. Solar Eclipse over Zambia sequence of photos superimposed to show the movement of the Sun

14. Solar Eclipse over Antarctica

15. Solar Eclipse – composite picture

16. Solar Eclipse – composite picture (cropped)

17. Solar Eclipse Types

18. Penumbra and Umbra

20. Classroom demonstration of umbra and penumbra
Use a large shop light, to get a uniform spherical source of light.
Then use a round (or even square) object and look at the shadow at various distances from source or screen.
(the next screen is black, in order to get a dark room for the demonstration).

22. Shadow of Moon seen
from Mir space station

23. Animation of Moon eclipsing the Sun, as seen from inside the umbra.

24. Animation of the view from the dark side of the Moon, looking down on the Earth during a solar eclipse.

25. Eclipse geometry is favorable when the Earth, Moon, and Sun are lined up. This happens when the intersection of the orbital planes passes through the Sun. See below.

26. Eclipse Tracks (also see Mr. Eclipse )

30. Web page at NASA devoted to this eclipse (link)

31. Example of a map of the eclipse path,
showing the center line and boundaries
of the region under the umbra (total)
For the total eclipse of 29 March 2006

32. A useful website for eclipses is eclipsewise.com
Scroll down the page to see eclipses for 2018.
In 2018, there are three partial solar eclipses and two total lunar eclipses:
2018 Jan 31: Total Lunar Eclipse
2018 Feb 15: Partial Solar Eclipse
2018 Jul 13: Partial Solar Eclipse
2018 Jul 27: Total Lunar Eclipse
2018 Aug 11: Partial Solar Eclipse

33. Transits occur when a planet crosses between the Earth and the Sun, so we see a dark spot cross the Sun. This can only happen with Venus link or Mercury link.
Occultations occur when the Moon blocks out (occults) a planet. Link

34. The Openstax book covers lunar phases and eclipses in Sections 4
The Openstax book covers lunar phases and eclipses in Sections 4.5 and 4.7.
You should also read the chapter summary.