1. Types of Maps Today’s Objective
Explain the different types of map and their purposes and identify examples of those maps

2. Characteristics of a Good Map
Title
What is it? Where is it? O
Orientation
Directions (Compass Rose) D
Date
When is it from? A
Author
Who made it? L
Legend
What do the symbols mean? S
Scale
Map distances compared to real distances I
Index
List of locations found on map, corresponds with grid G
Grid
Locates places on a map (lat/long, letters/numbers)
Source
Where did the author get info?

3. Maps Cartography is the art of map making Two purposes
As reference tools
To find locations, to find one’s way
As communications tools
To show the distribution of human and physical features
Used to wage war, make political propaganda, solve medical problems, bring relief to refugees, and warn of natural hazards

4. Early Map Making

5. Types of Maps Mental Maps Reference Maps
Individual representation of a place based on prior knowledge and impressions
Example?
Reference Maps
Show absolute location, can learn where something is found, shortest route between two places
Thematic Maps (textbook says these maps are used as a communications tool)
Depict the distribution of human activity or physical features

6. Types of Thematic Maps
Cartogram
Dot
Choropleth
Flow
Isoline

7. Types of Thematic Maps Cartogram Dot Map
The size of a location is based on a particular defined characteristic. Distortion is evident.
Dot maps represent quantities or occurrences.
They are placed on the map in the approximate location of the occurrence.
They are the best maps to use if you want to show distribution.

8. Types of Thematic Maps Choropleth Flow Map
On these maps, each unit area is shaded or colored to suggest magnitude of the event or item within its borders. Patterns or colors are used to show magnitude or intensity.
Recommended: only 3-5 colors.
These maps are used to show movement. These maps often make use of arrows.

9. Types of Thematic Maps Isoline
A map with continuous lines connect points with the equal value
Can you identify each of these maps?? Let’s try!

10. Map Projections: Why do we have them?
problem of mapping three-dimensional
maps are two-dimensional
impossible to convert spheroid into flat plane without distortions
→ map projections

11. Map Projections continued
Cylindrical projections
cylinder that has its entire circumference tangent to the Earth’s surface along a great circle (e.g. equator)

12. Types of Cylindrical Projections
Behrmann Cylindrical Equal-Area

13. Types of Cylindrical Projections
Gall - Peters
Distorts shape, but shows correct size

14. Types of Cylindrical Projections
Mercator
The most used wall maps
Distortion takes place in the North and South of Map
Magnifies Antarctica, Greenland, and slightly Asia and N. America
Purpose: originally used to plot routes in 1500s

15. Types of Cylindrical Projections
Robinson Projection:
Does best at showing best size and true shape

16. Map Projections Conic projections
cone that is tangent to the surface along small circle (e.g.parallel of latitude)

17. Map Projections Azimuthal projections
projecting positions directly to a plane tangent to the Earth’s surface

18. Review Questions
1) A system for transferring locations from a globe to a flat map is
A) distribution.
B) interruption.
C) rendition
D) scale.
E) projection.

19. Review Questions 2) Distortion is especially severe on A) globes.
B) small-scale maps.
C) large-scale maps.
D) topographic maps
E) all maps.

20. Maps: Scale Types of map scale Projection Ratio or fraction Written
Graphic
Projection
Distortion
Shape
Distance
Relative size
Direction

21. Large Scale vs. Small Scale Maps

22. Review Question 3) Scale is
A) the system used by geographers to transfer locations from a globe to a map.
B) the extent of spread of a phenomenon over a given area.
C) the difference in elevation between two points in an area.
D) the relationship between the length of an object on a map and that feature on the landscape.
E) the ratio of the largest to smallest areas on a map.

23. Review Question
4) If the scale of a map is 1:100,000, then 1 centimeter on the map represents ________ on Earth's surface.
A) 1 kilometer
B) 10 kilometers
C) 10,000 kilometers
D) 100,000 kilometers
E) it depends on the size of the map

24. Review Question 5) 1:24,000 is an example of what kind of scale?
A) bar line
B) metric scale
C) graphic scale
D) written scale
E) fractional scale

25. Review Question 6) Which map would have the largest scale? A) world
B) continent
C) state
D) city
E) county

26. U.S. Land Ordinance of 1785 Township and Range system
Township = 6 sq. miles on each side
North–south lines = principal meridians
East–west lines = base lines
Range
Sections

27. Review Question 7) The township and range system
A) resulted in a gridlike pattern for much of present-day land use in the United States.
B) is in use nearly everywhere in the world.
C) was used for navigation by early pioneers.
D) all of the above