1. IMPACT OF BORDER CONTROLS WITHIN SCHENGEN FOR THE SINGLE MARKET
ROAD TRANSPORT SECTOR CASE STUDY

2. Time: early 2016 (refugee crisis) Focus on road transport only
Introduction
Transport & Mobility Leuven was requested by EP IMCO Committee to study costs of abandoning Schengen treaty
Time: early 2016 (refugee crisis)
Focus on road transport only
Only direct costs (waiting at the border)
Tim Breemersch EP Hearing Transport Committee 28/2/17

3. Transparent and simple Bottom-up approach:
Methodology
Transparent and simple
Bottom-up approach:
Amount of cross-border trips X
Waiting time at border per vehicle
Value of time
No behavioural change assumed
Tim Breemersch EP Hearing Transport Committee 28/2/17

4. Amount of cross border trips
3 types of transport
Passenger cars (PC)
Coach
Heavy Goods Vehicles (HGV)
Main data source: ETISplus project (EC FP7)
Transport flows between (Schengen) countries (tonnes)
Converted to # vehicles
Routes estimated using Trans-Tools
Tim Breemersch EP Hearing Transport Committee 28/2/17

5. Amount of cross border trips
Results
80 million HGV border crossings annually in Schengen zone (PC: 205 million)
Top 5
Germany: 16 million
France: 10 million
Belgium: 9.5 million
Netherlands: 7.5 million
Austria: 5 million
Tim Breemersch EP Hearing Transport Committee 28/2/17

6. Waiting time & value of time
Literature review
Waiting time
Low scenario: 30 minutes for HGV (10 minutes PC)
High scenario: 60 minutes for HGV (20 minutes PC)
Value of time
Should vary per cargo type, but insufficient data
Singular value of €50/vehicle/hour
Tim Breemersch EP Hearing Transport Committee 28/2/17

7. Direct time loss costs of reinstating border controls
Conclusions
Direct time loss costs of reinstating border controls
High scenario: 5.1 billion €/y (4 billion for HGV)
Low scenario: 2.6 billion €/y (2 billion for HGV)
Costs not accounted for:
Secondary effects:
Extra vehicles needed to transport same amount of cargo
Other logistic chain losses (more stock needed, delays in production)
Tourism, workforce mobility,…
Costs for non-Schengen countries
Tim Breemersch EP Hearing Transport Committee 28/2/17

8. Tim.Breemersch@tmleuven.be +32 16 74 51 23
Thank you!