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Election Commission and Electoral Reforms
JYOTI Assistant Professor Department of Political Science PGGC-11 Chandigarh
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Composition of the Election Commission
Multiple Member Election Commission Regional Commissioners Appointment and Tenure Qualification Removal of Commissioners Emoluments System of working of Election Commission
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Function and Role of Election commission
Superintendence, Direction and control of Elections Preparation of Electoral Rolls Delimitation of the Constituencies Allotment of Election Symbols Recognition and Derecognition of Political Parties Model code of Conduct
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Registration of Political Parties
To conduct elections to State Legislatures To conduct elections to Parliament To conduct elections of the President and Vice-President Decision regarding Disqualification of Members Countermanding of the Elections Issuing of Directions To declare the Candidate Ineligible for contesting Elections Miscellaneous Functions
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Critical Evaluation Absence of the Obligatory Constitutional Provision in respect of the multi-membership of the Commission Qualifications of Chief Election Commissioner and Election Commissioners not fixed Defective Provision of the removal of Election Commissioners Improper Provisions of Decision-making in Election Commission Lack of Clear-cut Provision about the Powers of the Commission
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Importance of Election Commission
The basic Agency for the conduct of Indian Democracy A Body regulate the functioning of Political Parties An Institution to protect Electoral Politics from Political pollution A check on the Government A Constitutional Body responsible for free and fare elections
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Independence of Election Commission
Constitutional Sanction Rigid Method for the Removal of election commissioner Condition of Service not to be changed Suggestions to ensure the independence of the Election Commission
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Features of Indian Electoral System
Election Commission Election Machinery at State headquarters Election Machinery in the District General elections, Mid-Term Election and By-Election Universal Adult Franchise Qualifications and Disqualifications Direct election Single Member constituencies
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Joint Electoral System
Secret Ballot Reservation of Seats Two Types of Candidates The Delimitation Commission Simple Majority System Election Petition
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Defects of the Indian Electoral System
The Distortion of Seat-Vote ratio Too Many Political Parties Independent Candidates Influence of Money Corrupt Practice Misuse of Official Machinery Problem of Impersonation No Age Limit for contestants Faulty Electoral Rolls
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Low Percentage of Voting
Rigging of Elections and Use of Violence Delay in Disposal of Election Petitions Wide Gap between Votes Polled and Seats Won Misuse of Administrative Machinery Committed Election Officers Change in the Boundaries of Constituencies Excessive number of Candidates Very Expensive Elections To Seek Support on the basis of caste, religion and Language
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Reforms in the Indian Electoral System
Change in Election System Manner of Appointment of Election Commissioners Revision of Limit of Election Expenses Auditing of Election Expenses State funding of Election expenses Check on the misuse of Government Machinery Simultaneous elections for the Lok Sabha and the State Legislative Assemblies Proper Use of Radio and Television Quick Disposal of Election Petitions Compulsory Voting Restriction on Independent Candidates
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