1. CEDAR Frontiers: High-Latitude Neutral Outflow Larry Gardner – Utah State University – Robert Schunk – Utah State University –
Neutral Outflow
Primary mechanism - charge exchange
Sources – neutral polar wind; auroral zone
Magnetospheric impact is poorly understood
Outflow Rates
Outflow rates are poorly understood, with few observations. However, rates of ~1x109 cm-2s-1 have been indicated via measurements and modeling.
Propose Studies That Advance;
Understanding of outflow rates
Understanding magnetospheric areas most affected by neutral outflow
Neutral O in Auroral Oval

2. High-Latitude Neutral Outflow
Neutral outflow at high-latitudes occurs when an energized outflowing ion undergoes a charge-exchange reaction with a background neutral atom. It is unclear what effect these outflowing neutrals will have on the mass and energy distribution in the magnetosphere, and current magnetospheric models do not incorporate the impact of these neutrals.
Auroral Zone
The auroral zone in an active area of the high-latitudes where the magnetosphere/ionosphere system is highly coupled. Models of the aurora do not include the impact of heavy, or light, neutral atoms produced in the charge-exchange reactions of energized ions outflowing from the auroral zone.

3. High-Latitude Neutral Outflow
Suggested Areas for CEDAR Support
Further 3D time-dependent modeling of neutral atom outflow.
Development of new instruments to measure neutral atoms.
Satellite measurements of neutral atoms in the magnetosphere.
Develop new techniques to infer neutral atom characteristics.
Goals
Improved understanding of neutral atom impact on the magnetosphere.
Improved understanding of neutral atom ionospheric outflow sources.
Improved understanding of magnetospheric regions impacted by neutral atom outflow.