1. Plant kingdom diversity

2. Classification of plants
Vascular plants- have tubelike structures that carry water, nutrients and other substances throughout the plant.
Nonvascular- do not have these tubelike structures and use other ways to move water and substances.

3. Plant Groups Bryophytes-Mosses (seedless, non-vascular)
Seedless vascular plants-Ferns
Gymnosperms-Evergreens
Angiosperms-Flowering plants

4. Seedless vascular plants
Cladogram
Gymnosperms
Angiosperms
Seedless vascular plants
Bryophytes
Evolution of specialized cells / tissue
Evolution of cuticle
Green algae

5. Bryophytes- Seedless Nonvascular
think moss

6. Seedless nonvascular plants
Small
Found only in damp, moist areas on land
1) Leaves must touch water for photosynthesis
2) Sperm swims through water to reach egg in gametophyte
3) rhizoids- anchor them where they grow.

7. Types of seedless nonvascular plants
Mosses, liverworts and hornworts.
Pioneer Species- spores of mosses and liverworts are carried by the wind. They are usually the first to grow in a devistated area. Slowly breaks down rocks and builds soil so other organisms can move in

8. Seedless vascular plants
Cladogram
Gymnosperms
Angiosperms
Seedless vascular plants
Bryophytes
Evolution of vascular tissue
Evolution of specialized cells / tissue
Evolution of cuticle
Green algae

9. Seedless vascular plants
Ferns
Clubmosses
Horsetails

10. Vascular tissue Set of tubes that transport materials around plant
Allows plants to grow taller
Water travels up through xylem
Sugar travels throughout in phloem

11. Three tissues make up the vascular system in a seeded plant
1. Xylem- transports water and dissolved substances from the roots throughout the plant. Thick wall of xylem made out of stacked tubular cells helps support plant.
2. Phloem- also made up of stacked tubular cells. Moves food from where it is made to other parts of the plant wher eit is used or stored.

12. Cambium- tissue that produces most of the new xylem and phloem cells.

13. Ferns live further on land
Still must be in moist areas
Sporophyte survives fine with vascular tissue
But sperm must still swim to egg in tiny gametophyte

14. Fern gametophyte

15. Seedless vascular plants
Cladogram
Gymnosperms
Angiosperms
Seedless vascular plants
Evolution of pollen grains / seeds
Bryophytes
Evolution of vascular tissue
Evolution of specialized cells / tissue
Evolution of cuticle
Green algae

16. Pollen grains
Hard covering around sperm, light weight allows travel by wind
Removes water requirement for fertilization

17. Sperm still swims
At the very end when pollen lands on another plant of same species
Pollen tube connects to ovary, sperm swim to egg

18. Full colonization of land
Vascular tissue +
Reproduction through air

19. Seeds Tough coat protects newly fertilized embryo
Also contains supply of food (endosperm) to survive during dormancy period

20. Gymnosperms Think cones (any conifer like pine trees) female ovary
male pollen cone

21. Gymnosperm pollen strategy
Release a lot, hope some pollinate
(Meanwhile, irritating everyone else)

22. Seedless vascular plants
Cladogram
Gymnosperms
Angiosperms
Evolution of flowers / fruits
Seedless vascular plants
Evolution of pollen grains / seeds
Bryophytes
Evolution of vascular tissue
Evolution of specialized cells / tissue
Evolution of cuticle
Green algae

23. Angiosperms
Think flowers (most diverse plant group)

24. Flowers Attract animals to help carry pollen to the next flower
Color or scent attractors guide animals to obtain sugar from plant
Oh, and while you’re at it, grab some pollen
Some angiosperms still wind pollinate (grass)

25. Advertising in UV color

26. After fertilization, ovary becomes fruit

27. Fruit Typically collects sugar to attract animals
Seeds survive animal digestive system, pooped out far away from parent (and with free fertilizer!)
Some are not eaten by animals, just help wind carry seed (dandelion)

28. Asexual reproduction Plants can also reproduce asexually
Many plant parts can regrow to make a whole new organism when separated (vegetative reproduction)

29. Seedless vascular plants
Cladogram
Gymnosperms
Angiosperms
Evolution of flowers / fruits
Seedless vascular plants
Evolution of pollen grains / seeds
Bryophytes
Evolution of vascular tissue
Evolution of specialized cells / tissue
Evolution of cuticle
Green algae

30. Celery- Reflection- to be handed in.
Place celery in water with food coloring.
What do you notice?
How did the color move throughout the celery stalk? Xylem or phloem?
What force played a role in absorbing the water up the stalk against gravity?