1. Benchmarking of urban water and sanitation in emerging economies
PAS Project
Benchmarking of urban water and sanitation in emerging economies
Group work
Time Allotted: One hour for discussion and 30 mins for presentation of group work

2. Notes for instructor
This group exercise was developed and tested for a group of officials from Nepal.
The presentation and discussion notes are general. However, if the course is meant for participants from a specific country (or region), it is advised that instructors prepare some background (as seen in extra slides) that can be shared with participants during the discussion
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3. Aim of Exercise
Group work aims to make the participants think on how a benchmarking system can be established in a developing country context, what are the major themes around which indicators need to be considered, and whether such information would be readily available from utilities
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4. Possible themes for Benchmarking
Universal access and coverage
Service levels and quality
Financial sustainability
Efficiency in service operations
Equity in service delivery

5. Illustration of Key Indicators and their relationship
Access and coverage
(Achieving 100% coverage of water supply)
Coverage of Water supply connections
% of population with access to improved water services
Coverage of distribution network
% illegal connections
% of identified illegal connections that are regularized
THEME
KEY PERFORMANCE INDICATOR
LOCAL ACTION INDICATORS

6. Instructions for Group Work
The participants will divide in to two groups: water supply and wastewater.
A list of key performance indicators (KPI) for water supply and sanitation will be provided to participants (from the India case). The participants will:
Identify the broader themes /groups for Key Performance Indicators in context of urban water supply and waste water in Developing Country
Select key indicators (water supply / wastewater) under each theme
At the end of group work, each group will present their themes and related KPIs
Note to instructor: If you have a set of indicators form other countries that are felt to be more relevant, please use them instead of the India case

7. Discussion Points
Which indicators are suitable for urban water supply and sanitation at town level ?
What are the Key Performance Indicators?
What are the Local Action Indicators?
How will these be measured?
Is there any routine monitoring by National / District level agencies for Urban Water Supply and Sanitation?
What should be done to improve regular monitoring?
Are service levels and improvement targets considered before preparing new projects?

8. EXTRA SLIDES – note to instructor
Instructor should prepare these additional slides for training of participants from specific countries
The slides that follow were prepared for a training programme on Benchmarking for officials of Nepal.

9. Nepal – Water & Sanitation trends - JMP (2013)
Note: This slide explains situation in Nepal in terms of access to water and sanitaiton

10. Service level – adopted in the Urban Water Supply and Sanitation Sector Policy National Urban WSS sector policy (MoPPW, Government of Nepal)
This slide explains the government policies in terms of setting benchmarks for service delivery
Source: National Urban Water Supply and Sanitation Sector Policy, Final Draft; April 2009; Ministry of Physical Planning and Works

11. Proposed Clear, Reliable, Economic, Adequate and Measurable (CREAM) Indicators under NMIP (2011)
1 Access: A % of people/HH served with treated water supply B % of people/HH served with improved Water Supply 2 Water Quality: No. of schemes comply NS No of schemes with benefiting population 3 Quantity of water: % of schemes comply min. NS 4 Functionality: No. of schemes functional Ratio of actual supply to required supply hours. 5 Per capita investment cost 6 Equity: A Mean deviation from district average% of schemes in person per improved water service. B Reaching the un-reached C % of schemes addressing needs of all Marginalized groups 7 Sanitation: % of HH with access to improved sanitation A No. of VDC Declared Open Defecation Free (ODF) B No. of School with improved Water Supply facility C No. of school with toilet facilities 8 Gender A % of WUSCs with female holding key positions B % of WUSCs with female representation as per regulation 9 Management: % of schemes with active WUSC /Boards/operators.
This slide provides indicators currently used by Government of Nepal to assess water service delivery
Source: Water supply, Sanitation and Hygiene (WASH) Sector Status Report; May 2011

12. Sanitation Indicators (2013) As presented in : Nepal Country Paper on Sanitation SACOSAN-V 2013
This slide provides current situation in Nepal with respect to sanitation indicators
Source: Nepal Country Paper on Sanitation SACOSAN-V 2013

13. Suggestive Indicators - Planning for Water Supply up to 2015 in Small towns water supply and Sanitation Project –STWSSSP (2009)
This slide provides list of indicators proposed by Government of Nepal to monitor water services in small towns
Updated Fifteen – year development plan for Small towns water supply and sanitation sector (wss) as accessed at

14. END
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