1. Rocks and The Rock Cycle

2. They are all made of minerals.
8G Rock band
The rocks we see all come from the thin, solid crust on the outside of the Earth.
They are all made of minerals.
A mineral is a chemical found in a rock.
Most minerals are mixtures of different chemicals.
Marble
Granite
Slate

3. 8H Name that rock... ?
Believe it or not, rocks can be classified into groups – just like living organisms.
The three main groups are:
igneous sedimentary metamorphic
What are the clues to help classify rocks?

4. Match Keywords and definitions
Sediments
Minerals
Fossils
Porous
Remains of a dead plant or animal
A rock that can absorb water
Broken bits of rock
Salts are examples of these

5. 8G Freeze-thaw

6. Are these statements true or false?
8G True or false?
Are these statements true or false?
1. Water expands when it freezes.
2. Rocks contract during the day and expand at night.
3. Acid rain dissolves some rocks.
4. Soft rocks weather more quickly than harder rocks.
TRUE
FALSE

7. Match Keywords and definitions
Biological
Chemical
Physical

8. Acid rain pictures

9. What are the conditions that give the biggest rate of movement?
8G Move it! Fast!
What are the conditions that give the biggest rate of movement?
Amount of water
Size of sediments
Speed of water flow
small
slow
medium
large
fast
Where would you find these conditions?

10. What are the conditions that give the slowest rate of movement?
8G Move it! Fast!
What are the conditions that give the slowest rate of movement?
Amount of water
Size of sediments
Speed of water flow
small
slow
medium
large
fast
Where would you find these conditions?

11. Rocks may last a long time but they do change.
8G Break it, move it, shape it!
Rocks may last a long time but they do change.
Even the toughest rocks can be broken down to smaller particles. We call this process weathering.
Small particles may be moved around to new areas. We call this transportation.
The two processes together (weathering and transportation) are called erosion.

12. The sediments make a layer on the bottom of a lake or river.
8G Settle down!
As the water carrying sediments slows down, the sediments fall out of suspension.
The sediments make a layer on the bottom of a lake or river.
New sediments are laid down on top, pressing the ones below together.
Over thousands of years the sediments become stuck together to make a soft rock – sedimentary rock.

13. Which rock type is oldest? How can you tell?
8G Age of sediments
Which rock type is oldest? How can you tell?
The fossil in layer 4 is part of an ammonite from 180 million years ago. What does this tell you about the age of layer 3?

14. 1. Sedimentary rocks take thousands of years to form.
8G Sedimentary facts
True or false?
1. Sedimentary rocks take thousands of years to form.
2. Sedimentary rocks never form in layers.
3. Sedimentary rocks often contain crystals.
4. Salt crystals stick the grains in sedimentary rocks together.
TRUE
FALSE

15. 2. Deposition lays down sediments.
8G Sedimentary facts
True or false?
1. The first process involved in making sedimentary rocks is called weathering.
2. Deposition lays down sediments.
3. It is unlikely that you would find a fossil in a sedimentary rock.
4. Chalk is a sedimentary rock.
TRUE
FALSE

16. A volcano is a giant rock factory.
8H Rock factory
A volcano is a giant rock factory.
Magma (molten rock) from below the ground is pushed to the surface and cools.
The rock that forms is called igneous rock.

17. Often look like flat plates stuck together.
8H Sedimentary
Sedimentary rocks
Often look like flat plates stuck together.
Grains often visible, these can crumble apart.
Fossils can be present.
Rocks come from flat beds.
Often porous (let water pass through easily).

18. Tough rocks with no plates visible.
8H Igneous rocks
Igneous rocks
Tough rocks with no plates visible.
The crystals (if you can see them) often interlock and run in different directions.
No fossils present – EVER!
Rocks do not form in flat beds.
Non-porous (will not let water through)

19. Remains of fossils sometimes present – but not often.
8H Metamorphic rock
Metamorphic rocks
Often ‘sugary’ with particles that can be arranged in sheets or randomly.
Remains of fossils sometimes present – but not often.
Beds often have wavy bands.
Often less porous than sedimentary rocks – but metamorphic rocks show a wide range of porosity.

20. ? Clues: Crystals visible Very tough rock
8H Your first specimen... ?
Clues:
Crystals visible
Very tough rock
Water cannot pass through (not porous)
Is it sedimentary, igneous or metamorphic?
Igneous!

21. ? Clues: Fossils present Very porous Layers visible
8H How about this one... ?
Clues:
Fossils present
Very porous
Layers visible
Is it sedimentary, igneous or metamorphic?
Sedimentary!

22. ? Clues: Grains very small Clear layers Not porous No fossils
8H And this one... ?
Clues:
Grains very small
Clear layers
Not porous
No fossils
Is it sedimentary, igneous or metamorphic?
Metamorphic!

23. ? Clues: Grains very small No layers Not porous No fossils
8H Last chance... ?
Clues:
Grains very small
No layers
Not porous
No fossils
Is it sedimentary, igneous or metamorphic?
Metamorphic!

24. 8H The rock cycle
The rock cycle

25. 8H The rock cycle

26. 1. Metamorphic rocks are made by…
8H Rock cycle quiz
1. Metamorphic rocks are made by…
a) heat and pressure acting on other rocks
b) particles dropping out of suspension in streams and rivers
c) a small factory outside Manchester.
2. Which of these would you NOT find in sedimentary rocks…
a) fossils
b) layered structure
c) interlocking crystals of minerals.

27. a) a way to explain how types of rocks are converted to other forms
8H Rock cycle quiz
3. The rock cycle is…
a) a way to explain how types of rocks are converted to other forms
b) an explanation of how heating and cooling can break down rocks
c) a musical by Andrew Lloyd Webber.
4. You could find the density of a rock sample by…
a) dividing its mass by its volume
b) dividing its volume by its mass
c) multiplying its volume by its mass.

28. 5. Slow cooling of magma produces rocks with… a) large crystals
8H Rock cycle quiz
5. Slow cooling of magma produces rocks with…
a) large crystals
b) small crystals
c) no crystals.
6. You can dissolve the carbonate in a limestone sample using
a) hydrochloric acid
b) cold water
c) boiling water.