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From: Cross-Modal Interactions of Auditory and Somatic Inputs in the Brainstem and Midbrain and Their Imbalance in Tinnitus and Deafness
Am J Audiol. 2008;17(2):S193-S209. doi: / (2008/ )
Legend:
Schematic overview of the pathways connecting the somatosensory and auditory system. Arrows connect the origins and target of inputs. Ascending inputs arise in the spiral ganglion (SG; pink), vestibular ganglion (VG; yellow), dorsal root ganglia (DRG; red), trigeminal ganglion (TG; dark blue), lateral reticular formation (RVL, LPGi; green) and pontine nuclei (light blue). Projections ascending from the brainstem trigeminal complex are marked purple and from the dorsal column are marked orange. Dashed lines mark the contralateral projections, crossing midline (dotted line). j Dorsal column-medial lemniscal system; k spinothalamic pathway of the anterolateral system. The brainstem trigeminal sensory complex is composed of three nuclei: l principle nucleus, m mesencephalic nucleus, n spinal trigeminal nucleus (Sp5). The Sp5 consists of three parts: pars oralis (Sp5O), pars interpolaris (Sp5I), and pars caudalis (Sp5C). Sp5C has three subnuclei: subnucleus magnocellularis, subnucleus gelatinosus, and subnucleus marginalis. o There are three branches of the trigeminal nerve: the ophthalmic branch, which innervates the forehead, upper eyelid, and extraocular muscles; the maxillar branch, which innervates the upper lip, lower eyelid, upper jaw, and roof of the mouth; and the mandibular branch, which innervates the lower lip, mucous membranes of the lower jaw, floor of the mouth, and anterior two thirds of the tongue. p The two branches of the vestibulocochlear nerve are the vestibular nerve and the cochlear nerve. DCN = dorsal cochlear nucleus; IC = inferior colliculus; ICXV = ventrolateral border region of IC; mesenc. ncl. = mesencephalic nucleus; Cu = cuneate nucleus; Gr = gracile nucleus; principl. ncl. = principle nucleus; subncl. gelatin. = subnucleus gelatinosus; subncl. magnocell. = subnucleus magnocellularis; subncl. marginal. = subnucleus marginalis; superfic. layer = superficial layer; VCN = ventral cochlear nucleus.
Date of download: 10/13/2017
Copyright © American Speech-Language-Hearing Association