1. Reporting Category 4 BIOLOGICAL PROCESSES & SYSTEMS
Part 1 – Cellular Energy, Enzymes & Homeostasis

2. Photosynthesis vs Cell Respiration

3. PHOTOSYNTHESIS Take place in the Chloroplast
Provides the organism with glucose (stored energy)
All producers do photosynthesis

4. PHOTOSYNTHESIS Sunlight + 6CO2 + 6H2O  C6H12O6 + 6O2
Three things go into the plant
Sunlight
Carbon Dioxide
Water
Two things are produces by the plant
Sugar
Oxygen
Sunlight + 6CO2 + 6H2O  C6H12O6 + 6O2

5. CELLULAR RESPIRATION Take place in the Mitochondria
Breaks down food to provide the organism with energy
All organisms with a mitochondria do cellular respiration (EVEN plants!!)

6. CELLULAR RESPIRATION C6H12O6 + 6O2  6CO2 + 6H2O + ATP
Two things go into the organism
Glucose (eat it)
Oxygen (breathe it in)
Three things are produced by the organism
Carbon Dioxide (breathe it out)
Water (sweat it out/urinate it out)
ATP (ENERGY!!!)
C6H12O6 + 6O2  6CO2 + 6H2O + ATP

7. AEROBIC & ANAEROBIC RESPIRATION
Requires oxygen
Makes A LOT of ATP
Produces carbon dioxide and water
Happens in mitochondrion
Does not use oxygen
Makes only 2 ATP (Small Amount
Also called fermentation
YEASTS make ethyl alcohol
BACTERIA and MUSCLE CELLS (w/o O2) make LACTIC ACID
Happens in cytoplasm (cytosol)

8. ENZYMES SPEED UP REACTIONS! MADE OF PROTEIN
SPECIFIC FOR WHAT THEY CATALYZE
FIT TOGETHER LIKE A KEY IN A LOCK!
BIND AT THE ACTIVE SITE
ARE REUSABLE!

9. ENZYMES
WORK BY WEAKENING BONDS WHICH LOWERS ACTIVATION ENERGY!

10. ENZYMES REMEMBER YOUR TOOTHPICK LAB! THEY ARE AFFECTED BY
ADDING MORE SUBSTRATE (MORE TOOTHPICKS)
CHANGING TEMPERATURE (REMEMBER THE ICE BATH)
INHIBITORS (REMEMBER THE PAPERCLIPS)
CHANGING PH

11. Reporting Category 4 BIOLOGICAL PROCESSES & SYSTEMS
Part 2 – Levels of Organization, Body Systems & Plant Systems

12. Levels of Organization
Cells – Basic unit of life
Sperm cell, blood cell, epithelia cell, nerve cell
Tissues – Similar cells working together
Connective, Nervous, Epithelial, Muscular
Organ – Tissues arranged and working to function together
Heart, Liver, Brain, Kidney, Pancreas
Organ System – Groups of organs working together
Respiratory, Urinary, Reproductive, Immune
Organism – Living being
Human, Starfish, Frog, Earthworm, Squid

13. Levels of Organization
Population – One single species in an area
Community – Several species (populations) living together in an area
Ecosystem - Living and non-living elements of a particular area
Biosphere – All living and non-living things on planet Earth

14. BODY SYSTEMS REGULATION Endocrine System – Hormones
Circulatory System – Blood carries hormones to skeletal system to control the amount of calcium released from the bones

15. BODY SYSTEMS NUTRIENT ABSORPTION
Digestive System – food is broken down mechanically in the mouth
Muscular System – Churns food and propels it in the intestines
Circulatory System – Absorbs nutrients into the blood to take to tissues

16. BODY SYSTEMS REPRODUCTION
Endocrine System – Hormones control ovulation and pregnancy
Reproductive System – Creates and matures gametes, develops the fetus
Muscular System – Used to help aid in labor

17. BODY SYSTEMS
DEFENSE
Respiratory System – Mucus in the lungs traps pathogens
Immune System – T-Cells destroy viruses and bacteria
Nervous System – Senses pain
Integumentary System – Skin provides a layer of defense

18. PLANT SYSTEMS PLANT SYSTEMS TRANSPORT
ROOTS – Take up water and nutrients
VASCULAR SYTEM
Xylem – transport water to the leaves and shoots
Phloem – transports sugars throughout the plant
PLANT SYSTEMS

19. PLANT SYSTEMS REPRODUCTION FLOWER Petals – Attract Pollinators
Pistil – Female part made of stigma, style and ovule
Stamen – Male part made of anther and filament
Seed – Mature, pollinated ovule
Hormones in the plant trigger the growth of the seed

20. PLANT SYSTEMS RESPONSE PHOTOTROPISM – Plants grow towards the light
THIGMOTROPISM – Plants bend or grow because of touch
GRAVITROPISM – Gravity causes roots to grow down and shoots to grow up
HYDROTROPISM– plants roots grow towards or bend towards water