1. International Business, 8th Edition
Griffin & Pustay
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2. Copyright © 2015 Pearson Education, Inc.
Learning Objectives
Discuss the primary characteristics of culture
Describe the various elements of culture and provide examples of how they influence international business
Identify the means by which members of a culture communicate with each other
Discuss how religious and other values affect the domestic environments in which international businesses operate
Describe the major cultural clusters and their usefulness for international managers
Explain Hofstede’s primary findings about differences in cultural values
Explain how cultural conflicts may arise in international business
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3. Characteristics of Culture
Culture is the collection of values, beliefs, behaviors, customs, and attitudes that distinguish one society from another
Characteristics Of Culture
Learned behavior
Interrelated
Adaptive
Shared
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Elements of Culture
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5. Elements of Culture: Social Structure
Individuals, Families, and Groups
Defining family
Individual’s role within groups
Importance of the individual relative to the group
Social Stratification
Attributes
Highly stratified societies
Less stratified societies
Social mobility
Low social mobility
Socially mobile societies
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6. Elements of Culture: Language
Delineates cultural groups
Shapes one’s perceptions of the world
Filters observations and perceptions
Provides important clues about the cultural values of the society
Offers indications about the diversity of a country’s population
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7. Elements of Culture: Communication
Nonverbal Communication
Facial Expressions
Hand Gestures
Intonation
Eye Contact
Body Positioning
Body Posture
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8. Elements of Culture: Communication
Gift-Giving and Hospitality
Important means of communication
Different gift giving etiquettes
Hospitality customs also differ
Communicating bad news
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9. Elements of Culture: Religion
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10. Elements of Culture: Religion
Shapes attitudes of adherents
Constraints the roles of individuals in society
Affects consumer buying behavior
Affects seasonal patterns of consumption
Impact on international businesses
Legal system
Homogeneity of religious beliefs
Tolerance
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11. Elements of Culture: Values and Attitudes
Time
Age
Education
Status
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12. Seeing the Forest, Not the Trees: The Cultural Cluster Approach
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13. Seeing the Forest, Not the Trees: The Cultural Cluster Approach
Internationalization strategies
Foreign Market Entry Methods
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14. Seeing the Forest, Not the Trees: Hofstede’s Five Dimensions
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15. Seeing the Forest, Not the Trees: Social Orientation
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16. Seeing the Forest, Not the Trees: Power Orientation
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17. Seeing the Forest, Not the Trees: Uncertainty Orientation
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18. Seeing the Forest, Not the Trees: Goal Orientation
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19. Seeing the Forest, Not the Trees: Time Orientation
Short-Term
Long-Term
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