1. North American Wildlife
Hoofed Mammals
North American Wildlife

2. Hoofed Mammals Have hooves AKA Ungulates Full hoof vs cloven hoof
Includes…
Deer
Wild horses
Sheep
Goats
Javelinas

3. Ruminants Four stomach compartments
Can digest food with a lot of fiber
Convert nutrients in grasses, plants, brush into meat
Prey for large carnivores and humans
Includes
Sheep, Goats, Cattle

5. The four compartments
Rumen- largest, can hold up to 25 gallons of material, fermentation vat, contains lots of bacteria that actually do the digestion of the cellulose material. (Symbiosis)
Reticulum- A small compartment that is used to bring food from the rumen back to the mouth to be re-chewed (Chewing their cud)

6. The four compartments
Omasum- Where food goes after it is re-chewed, no enzymes, reduces particle size, absorb water, “manyplies”
Abomasum- True stomach, secretes enzymes, similar to the stomach of non-ruminant organisms.

9. The Deer Family Includes deer, moose, elk, and caribou
Popular game species
Cloven hoofs
Males have scent glands and antlers- shed annually
Moose/Elk- Males- bulls, Females- cows, and babies- calf
Deer- Males- bucks, Females- does, and babies- fawns

11. Moose Largest member of deer family 8 feet tall at shoulder
1800 pounds
Bulls battle each other for breeding rights

13. Elk Almost hunted to extinction Migratory animals
Fast runners, strong swimmers
5 feet at shoulder
800 pounds

15. Caribou Closely related to reindeer Adapted to very cold temperatures
Migratory
Travel in herds
4.5 feet at shoulder
375 pounds
Endangered
Main predator- wolf

17. White Tailed Deer
Many predators- bear, wolf, mountain lion, lynx, bobcats, and foxes
Game species
Velvet- skin and hair that cover new antlers
Most common deer species
4 feet at shoulder
Up to 300 pounds

19. Horns vs. Antlers Horns are not shed like antlers
Antlers are shed each year and replaced with velvet and then new bone
In caribou both male and female develop antlers
Horns are found on buffalo, bighorn sheep and mountain goats.

20. Bison AKA Buffalo Protected now- almost wiped out by excess hunting
One of the largest big game mammals
6 feet at shoulders
2000 pounds

21. Musk Ox Well adapted to very cold weather
Sharp horns to fight off predators
Herds
Huddle together for warmth
5 feet at shoulders
900 pounds
Shaggy hair

22. Wild Sheep Males-rams, females- ewes, babies- lambs
Males are polygamous
3.5 feet at shoulder
300 pounds
Curled horns
Charge and hit horns
Age can be determined by counting rings on horns

24. Peccary AKA Musk hog or javelina Looks like a pig but is not one!!!
20 inches tall
65 pounds
Males- boars
Females- sows
Omnivores

25. Wild Horses AKA Mustangs Protected
Population managed by the government