1. WORLD WAR I 1914-1919 Mr. Poley United States and Virginia History
The War to end all Wars!
World War 1 PowerPoint A

2. SOL Standard VUS.9b
I want you to know about the emerging role of the United States in world affairs and World War I, including Wilson’s Fourteen Points, the Treaty of Versailles, and the national debate over treaty ratification and the League of Nations.

3. Essential Knowledge United States involvement in World War I
The war began in Europe in 1914 when Germany and Austria-Hungary went to war with Britain, France, and Russia.
For three years, America remained neutral, and there was strong sentiment not to get involved in a European war.
The decision to enter the war was the result of continuing German submarine warfare (violating freedom of the seas) and American ties to Great Britain.
Americans wanted to “make the world safe for democracy.” (Woodrow Wilson)
America’s military resources of soldiers and war materials tipped the balance of the war and led to Germany’s defeat.

4. Essential Knowledge Fourteen Points
To be covered in our next lesson.
Wilson’s plan to eliminate the causes of war
Key points
Self-determination
Freedom of the seas
League of Nations
Mandate system

5. Essential Knowledge Treaty of Versailles
The French and English insisted on punishment of Germany.
A League of Nations was created.
National boundaries were redrawn, creating many new nations.

6. Essential Knowledge League of Nations debate in United States
To be covered in the next lesson.
Objections to United States foreign policy decisions being made by an international organization, not by U.S. leaders
The Senate’s failure to approve the Treaty of Versailles

7. Essential Understandings
While American entry into World War I ensured Allied victory, the failure to conclude a lasting peace left a bitter legacy.

8. Essential Questions
Why did the United States become involved in World War I?
How did visions of the postwar world differ?

9. WORLD WAR I
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10. Causes of World War I Imperialism – competition for overseas empires
Militarism – build up of a countries’ military

11. Causes of World War I Nationalism – pride in one’s country
Secret Alliances among European Nations

12. Archduke Franz Ferdinand (left) and Gavrilo Princip
The Spark
The immediate cause of World War I was the assassination of Archduke Franz Ferdinand of Austria-Hungary in Sarajevo. Gavrilo Princip, a member of the Serbian Black Hand secret society killed Ferdinand. Conflicts between Austria-Hungary and Serbia started with a challenge to the 1878 Treaty of Berlin. Under that treaty, Austria-Hungary assumed a mandate to occupy and control Bosnia-Herzegovina, the Ottoman Empire kept its sovereignty, and Serbia was recognized as a kingdom; however, Serbians were incensed that Austria-Hungary had annexed Bosnia-Herzegovina during the Bosnian crisis of 1908 and 1909.
Archduke Franz Ferdinand (left) and Gavrilo Princip
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13. The Spark
This led to two Balkan Wars, in which Serbia gained Macedonia and Kosovo from the Ottoman Empire. Ferdinand had been a supporter of both federalism and tribalism, which advocated that Austria-Hungary be reorganized with the Slavic lands to add a third kingdom. A Slavic kingdom could have put tremendous pressure on the Serbians, and Archduke Franz Ferdinand would have been the leader of this new kingdom. In the aftermath of the assassination, Austria-Hungary wanted the Serbian government to punish those responsible. Austria-Hungarian leaders made a list of ten demands for the Serbian government. Austria-Hungary declared war on Serbia when the demands were not met.
After the assassination of Archduke Franz Ferdinand, Gavrilo Princip is arrested.
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14. The Spark
July 28, 1914 –
Austria-Hungary
declares war on Serbia.

15. The Spark
Secret Alliances would cause all of Europe to get into conflict

16. Germany’s Declaration of War in 1914
DECLARATIONS OF WAR
July 28, 1914 – Austria-Hungary declares war on Serbia.
August 1, 1914 – Germany declares war on Russia.
August 3, 1914 – Germany declares war on France.
August 4, 1914 – United Kingdom declares war on Germany.
August 5, 1914 – Montenegro declares war on Austria- Hungary.
August 6, 1914 – Austria-Hungary declares war on Russia; Serbia declares war on Germany.
August 9, 1914 – Montenegro declares war on Germany.
August 11, 1914 – France declares war on Austria- Hungary.
August 12, 1914 – United Kingdom declares war on Austria-Hungary.
Germany’s Declaration of War in 1914
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17. The is a diagram of the alliances before World War I.
DECLARATIONS OF WAR
August 22, 1914 – Austria-Hungary declares war on Belgium.
August 23, 1914 – Japan declares war on Germany.
August 25, 1914 – Japan declares war on Austria- Hungary.
November 1, 1914 – Russia declares war on the Ottoman Empire.
November 3, 1914 – Montenegro declares war on the Ottoman Empire.
November 5, 1914 – France and United Kingdom declare war on the Ottoman Empire.
May 23, 1915 – Italy declares war on Austria- Hungary.
October 14, 1915 – Bulgaria declares war on Serbia.
October 15, 1915 – United Kingdom declares war on Bulgaria.
The is a diagram of the alliances before World War I.
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18. DECLARATIONS OF WAR
October 16, 1915 – Frances declares war on Bulgaria
October 19, 1915 – Italy and Russia declare war on Bulgaria.
August 27, 1916 – Italy declares war on Germany.
The diagram represents European alliances before World War I.
coat of arms of Bulgaria
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19. LEADERS OF WORLD WAR I ALLIED POWERS CENTRAL POWERS Woodrow Wilson
Franz Josef I
John J. Pershing
Karl I
David Lloyd George
Wilhelm II
Georges Clemenceau
Mehmed V
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20. PARTICIPANTS IN WORLD WAR I
ALLIED POWERS
CENTRAL POWERS
Russian Empire
United States
Austria-Hungary
Bulgaria
Kingdom of Italy
British Empire
Ottoman Empire
German Empire
Kingdom of Greece
French Third Republic
Kingdom of Serbia
Kingdom of Montenegro
Kingdom of Romania
Belgium
Empire of Japan
Portugal
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21. New Weapons+ Old Fighting = Massive Destruction
British style, straight line fighting was suicide

22. New Weapons + Old Fighting = Massive Destruction
land ship/tank
barbed wire
Maxim machine gun
hand grenade
poison gas
submarine
bi-plane
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23. New Weapons + Old Fighting = Massive Destruction
Trench Warfare became the new style of fighting.

24. STRATEGIES TRENCH WARFARE
In trench warfare both armies could fight from fortified positions. It was a slow form of combat with heavy reliance on defense. The soldiers built complex trench and dugout systems and stocked them with weapons. Barbed wire protected the trenches. The space between opposing armies’ trenches was “no man’s land.” Attacks almost always resulted in injury and death for the attacking soldiers.
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25. THE IMPORTANCE OF TRENCH WARFARE
Trench warfare was an important part of combat during World War I. The effectiveness of the new weapons made it impossible to fight in the open for extended periods of time. Trenches were constructed for careful and planned attacks. The trench protected soldiers from attack. Soldiers also dug temporary trenches as close to the front lines as possible. These would protect waves of soldiers attacking the enemy. Attacking soldiers would take cover in a forward trench to regroup while other soldiers followed the first attack. Trenches kept soldiers out of the line of fire as much as possible.
British trench design
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27. There has been a lot left out of this powerpoint history of WW1, primarily some of the many horrific battles where so many died or were wounded
Identify, analyze, and interpret primary and secondary source documents. (VUS.1a)
Formulate historical questions and defend findings, based on inquiry and interpretation. (VUS.1c)
Develop perspectives of time and place. (VUS.1d)
Interpret the significance of excerpts from famous speeches and other documents. (VUS.1h)