1. STAPLE a blank sheet of paper on top of all your hard-copy stuff
STAPLE a blank sheet of paper on top of all your hard-copy stuff. On it, write this:
Name
ENC 1101, TTh 11 a.m./3:30 p.m/7 p.m. (your class)
Feb. 7, 2017
Definition Essay
Brainstorming /25
Thesis & Outline /25
Group Discussion /25
Tutoring /25
2 Proofreaders /25
Any steps that you have submitted on Canvas do NOT need to be stapled, but if you are not sure, it doesn’t hurt to include them. Drafts CANNOT be turned in as hard copies. You do NOT need to include a printout of the final version of the essay; it must have been submitted on Canvas.

2. Cause/Effect Essay
TONIGHT’S HOMEWORK
Begin prewriting, outline, and 1000-word first draft of cause-effect essay (submit first draft on MyHCC / Canvas and to a tutor, and bring a printout next Tuesday);
submit Grammar #3 (sentence types) on MyHCC / Canvas; AND
read LBCH sections and 28 (pp and ) on verb tenses and voice.

3. The writing process 1. Inventing & Collecting (Prewriting & research)
Cause/Effect Essay
The writing process
1. Inventing & Collecting (Prewriting & research)
2. Organizing (Outlining)
3. Drafting (First time in paragraph form)
4. Revising (Editing: adding, cutting, moving)
5. Proofreading (Checking grammar, spelling, etc.)
Rationale: This slide previews the six steps of the writing process. Each element forms a part of a successful writing experience.
Key Concept: The facilitator may explain that the writing process is not necessarily sequential--a linear path from invention to proofreading. Writers may generate a topic, collect some information, organize their notes, go back and collect more information, invent subtopics for their work, go back to organization, etc. The writing process is recursive--it often requires going back and forth between steps to create the strongest work possible. Knowing these steps and strategies, however, can be a great help to writers who struggle with their work.

4. What is a CAUSE/EFFECT essay?
In a cause/effect essay, the writer carefully examines the reasons or results of something like an event, a policy, a rule, a habit, a practice, a phenomenon, a fad, a belief, or a condition.

5. CAUSE/EFFECT thesis statement
Ex: Feminism in America today is less rewarding than women had planned a generation ago. =
feminism in America
what caused it to be different than planned TS
The cause/effect thesis statement includes the narrowed topic and the controlling idea, which addresses the causes or effects. =
Ex: America’s contemptible history of racism negatively affected people of all races. TS
narrowed topic
controlling idea
Ex: Racism in early 20th-century America negatively affected the social, financial, and psychological aspects of the lives of people of color. =
racism in 20th-cent. America
social, financial, and psychological effects TS
Ex: Attitudes about race in America today have resulted from many decades of racist practices. =
race in America
today’s attitudes are the result of many years TS
racism in America
negative effect on all Americans TS

6. ORGANIZE a cause/effect essay in the usual way
I. Introduction
A. Grabs the reader’s attention
B. Ends with a STRONG thesis statement with issue as subject
II. 1st Body Paragraph: One CAUSE or EFFECT
A. States first primary point, which supports the main claim
B. Builds and develops that idea with SPECIFIC details
III. 2nd Body Paragraph: Another CAUSE or EFFECT
A. States second primary point, which supports the main claim
IV. 3rd Body Paragraph: Another CAUSE or EFFECT
A. States third primary point, which supports the main claim
V. Conclusion
A. Re-emphasizes main idea but doesn’t just repeat it B. Provides a sense of closure by coming to a conclusion about the issue that was addressed in the essay

7. ORGANIZE the body paragraphs of a C/E essay
in CHRONOLOGICAL ORDER (time order) -- presenting the causes or effects in the order that they happened OR
in EMPHATIC ORDER (order of importance) -- saving the most important cause or most important effect for last

8. The introduction…
should grab the reader's attention, maybe with a vivid description of the topic (before you get into the causes or the effects)
should contain the thesis statement (usually last sentence)
should NOT state, “In this paper I will tell you about…” or “Here are the effects…” or “These are the causes…”

9. The body…
must contain at least three causes OR three effects, one per paragraph
must contain at least one secondary detail to enliven each primary point
must connect its support back to the thesis for the reader’s benefit
must use a transition between one point and the next

10. The conclusion… must refer back to the thesis
Cause/Effect Essay
The conclusion…
must refer back to the thesis
must NOT just repeat the thesis, even if the words are slightly different
should make an observation: What do you hope the reader has learned from your essay? Can something be done to alleviate these effects? Could something have been done to prevent those causes from developing? Should a particular person take responsibility, or are we all a little at fault?

11. A few common cause/effect TRANSITIONS
because
since
One reason … is that
It’s no coincidence that …
If… then
results in
gets its start in
begins as
arises from
comes from
Accordingly,
As a result,
Consequently,
For this reason,
Therefore,
Thus, so
In order to…
results in
leads to

12. CAUSE/EFFECT ESSAY
Considering Juan Williams’ “The Ruling That Changed America,” write a 900- to 1,100-word, five-paragraph essay explaining three causes OR three effects (NOT BOTH!) of an issue like racism, sexism, or other type of prejudice, or a movement against such an issue. Be sure that your essay focuses on a single main idea (EITHER three causes OR three effects, not a combination) that is clearly stated in the thesis. Narrow your topic so that you can cover it completely in 900 to 1,100 words. I encourage you to show me your thesis statement or take it to the ASC with these assignment instructions before you begin your draft.

13. CAUSE/EFFECT ESSAY
Your essay must contain an introduction paragraph that ends with the thesis statement. The essay must also include three or more body paragraphs providing specific evidence (like examples) and details, and a concluding paragraph that returns to the idea of the thesis and provides a sense of closure. Do not just list causes or effects; provide reasons and explanations for how and why these things led to or resulted from the issue. You must use at least one quote (one per body paragraph is ideal) from Williams’ or Thoreaux’s essay or from an expert source in a library database to support your thesis, and you must provide parenthetical citation(s) and a work(s)-cited page in MLA style.

14. CAUSE/EFFECT ESSAY
Also, be sure you complete and submit all five steps in the writing process: 1. prewriting/brainstorming (by Sept. 29), 2. organizing/outline with thesis statement (by Sept. 29), 3a. drafting (a first draft by Feb. 14 and at least one more, done after the revision), 4. revising (with classmates on Feb. 14 and with a SmarThinking or ASC tutor), 3b. drafting again (a second draft by Feb. 21, done after the revision), and 5. proofreading (by at least two classmates on Feb. 21). The final version of the essay is due on MyHCC/Canvas before class begins Feb. 28. Final essays will NOT be accepted if you do not participate in and submit all five steps (including the small-group discussion and peer proofreading)!

15. “The Ruling That Changed America”
Juan Williams
“The Ruling That Changed America”

16. Where can you go for additional help?
Cause/Effect Essay
Where can you go for additional help?
Academic Success Center: YLRC 105, BACA 207, DLRC 312
My Office: YADM 108
Phone:
Websites (links on MyHCC): SmarThinking (access through hccfl.edu) Library Databases ( Re: Writing (
Key Concept: If your students are struggling with developing a writing process, they can find help at the Purdue University Writing Lab. By making a half-hour appointment with a tutor, students can receive help with any area of the writing process, from invention to proofreading.
Click mouse after the title question. 16