1. Chapter 7 Section 3: World War I Ends

2. Delegates gathered in 1919 to sign the treaty of Versailles

3. Key Terms
total war – channeling all of a nation’s resources into a war effort
conscription – “the draft,” which required all young men to be ready for military or other service
contraband – during wartime, military supplies and raw materials needed to make military supplies that may legally be confiscated by any belligerent
Lusitania – a British liner torpedoed and sunk by a German submarine in May 1915

4. propaganda – spreading ideas to promote or damage a cause
atrocity – a horrible act committed against innocent people
armistice – an agreement to end fighting
Fourteen Points – U.S. President Woodrow Wilson’s list of terms for resolving World War I and future wars
self-determination – the right of people to choose their own form of government

5. pandemic – a disease spread across a large area, country, continent, or the entire world
reparations – payments for war damage
radicals – people who want to make extreme changes
collective security – a system in which a group of nations acts as one to preserve the peace of all
mandate – a territory administered by Western powers

6. Governments Direct Total War
By 1917, European societies were cracking under the strain of war
Casualties on the fronts and shortages at home sapped morale
All countries started conscription or “the draft”
Food was rationed, huge amounts of money was borrowed , taxes raised

7. Blockades and Submarines
Blockades were set up to cut off supplies
Germany vowed to sink all ships carrying goods to Britain
Lusitania hit
Many Americans killed
Supplies for Britain lost (allies)

8. -President Wilson was not happy
-Threatened Germany to cut off relations
-U-boats would now give warnings before firing

9. The Propaganda War The press was censored and casualties were hidden
Motion pictures, literature, and the arts were censored
Governments urged civilians to loan money through propaganda

10. World War I Propaganda

11. Women and World War I Women played a critical role in war effort
Worked jobs and kept natural economies going
Nurses played a key role and witnessed horrible situations

12. The Great War Ends
American involvement was a turning point for the Allies
Although relatively few American troops fought, their arrival boosted Allied morale.
German generals told William II that the war could not be won. He fled to the Netherlands.
Austria-Hungary collapsed. Bulgaria and the Ottoman empire also asked for peace

13. The US enters the war The US and Allies were very close
In 1917, the British intercepted the Zimmerman note
This note proved Germany was trying to rally Mexico against the US
In April of 1917, President Wilson asked Congress to declare war on Germany

14. The new German government sought an armistice, and the Great War officially ended on November 11, 11 am

15. Wilson’s Fourteen Points
Even before the war ended Wilson outlined a plan for peace:
Freedom of the seas
Free trade
Arms reductions
An end to secret treaties
Self-determination for Eastern Europe
An association of nations to keep the peace (League of Nations)

17. The Costs of World War I

18. Making Peace
Before the war ended, President Wilson decided to go in person to Paris, where Allied leaders would try to make peace.
Wilson's idea of self-determination and democracy seemed to be what everyone wanted

19. Goals Big three had different ideas President Wilson 14 Points
British Prime Minister George rebuild Britain $$
French leader Clemenceau wanted to weaken Germany so they can never be a threat again

20. Treaty of Versailles -Imposed reparations of $30 billion
-Forced Germany to accept full responsibility for the war
-Imposed reparations of $30 billion
-Limited size of German army
-took land and overseas colonies from Germany

21. Effects of the Peace Settlements
The Allies drew up separate treaties with the other Central Powers
These treaties redrew the map of Eastern Europe and affected colonial peoples around the globe
Like the Treaty of Versailles, these treaties left widespread dissatisfaction

22. League of Nations Pro’s Con’s 40 nations joined
Wanted to talk about problems rather than go to war
Work together against common enemies
Collective security
US Senate and President Wilson could not compromise on US joining
Lack of US involvement weakened the league
League had no power outside it’s members and could not prevent war