1. The Leg and foot

2. Cutaneous Innervation of Lower Limb

7. Venous Drainage of Lower Limb
The lower limb has superficial and deep veins; the superficial veins are in the subcutaneous tissue, and the deep veins are deep to the deep fascia and accompany all major arteries. Superficial and deep veins have valves, but they are more numerous in deep veins.
The two major superficial veins are the great and small saphenous veins. The great saphenous vein is formed by the union of the dorsal digital vein of the great toe and the dorsal venous arch of the foot. The great saphenous vein

10. Applied anatomy Varicose Veins, Thrombosis, and Thromboembolism
Varicose veins form when the valves that usually prevent blood flow from the deep veins through the perforating veins to the superficial veins are incompetent. As a result, the superficial veins become varicose (dilated so that their cusps do not close) and tortuous

11. Lymphatic Drainage of Lower Limb
The lower limb has superficial and deep lymphatic vessels. The superficial lymphatic vessels converge on and accompany the saphenous veins and their tributaries. The lymphatic vessels accompanying the great saphenous vein end in the superficial inguinal lymph nodes. Most lymph from these nodes passes to the external iliac lymph nodes, located along the external iliac vein; but some lymph may also pass to the deep inguinal lymph nodes, located on the medial aspect of the femoral vein.

12. Popliteal fossa & its contents

14. Muscles of the leg

15. The muscle of leg Tibialis anterior Extensor digitorum longus
Extensor hallusis longus
Anterior group
Gastrocnemius
Superficial layer
soleus
posterior group
Tibialis posterior
Flexor digitorum longus
Flexor hallueis longus
deep layer
Peroneus longus
Peroneus brevis
lateral group

16. Tibialis anterior
Origin -Lateral surface of shaft of tibia and interosseous membrane
Insertion -Medial cuneiform and base of first metatarsal bone
Nerve supply- Deep peroneal nerve
Action -Extends foot at ankle joint; inverts foot at subtalar and transverse tarsal joints; holds up medial longitudinal arch of foot

17. Extensor digitorum longus
Origin- Anterior surface of shaft of fibula
Insertion -Extensor expansion of lateral four toes
Nerve supply- Deep peroneal nerve
Action -Extends toes; extends foot at ankle joint

18. Extensor hallucis longus
Origin -Anterior surface of shaft of fibula
Insertion -Base of distal phalanx of great toe
Nerve supply -Deep peroneal nerve
Action -Extends big toe; extends foot at ankle joint; inverts foot at subtalar and transverse tarsal joints

19. Peroneus longus
Origin- Lateral surface of shaft of fibula
Insertion -Base of first metatarsal and the medial cuneiform
Nerve supply - Superficial peroneal nerve
Action - Plantar flexes foot at ankle joint; everts foot at subtalar and transverse tarsal joints; supports lateral longitudinal and transverse arches of foot

20. Peroneus brevis
Origin -shaft of fibula Lateral surface of
Insertion -Base of fifth metatarsal bone
Nerve supply - Superficial peroneal nerve Action -Plantar flexes foot at ankle joint; everts foot at subtalar and transverse tarsal joint; supports lateral longitudinal arch of foot

21. Gastrocnemius
Origin -Lateral head from lateral condyle of femur and medial head from above medial condyle
Insertion -Via tendo calcaneus into posterior surface of calcaneum
Nerve supply -Tibial nerve
Action -Plantar flexes foot at ankle joint; flexes knee joint

22. Soleus
Origin -Shafts of tibia and fibula
Insertion - Via tendo calcaneus into posterior surface of calcaneum Nerve supply -Tibial nerve
Action -Together with gastrocnemius and plantaris is powerful plantar flexor of ankle joint; provides main propulsive force in walking and running

23. Tibialis posterior
Origin -Posterior surface of shafts of tibia and fibula and interosseous membrane
Insertion -Tuberosity of navicular bone and other neighboring bones
Nereve supply -Tibial nerve
Action -Plantar flexes foot at ankle joint; inverts foot at subtalar and transverse tarsal joints; supports medial longitudinal arch of foot

24. Flexor digitorum longus
Origin -Posterior surface of shaft of tibia
Insertion -Bases of distal phalanges of lateral four toes
Nerve supply -Tibial nerve
Action -Flexes distal phalanges of lateral four toes; plantar flexes foot at ankle joint; supports medial and lateral longitudinal arches of foot

25. Flexor hallucis longus
Origin -Posterior surface of shaft of fibula
Insertion -Base of distal phalanx of big toe
Nerve supply -Tibial nerve
Action -Flexes distal phalanx of big toe; plantar flexes foot at ankle joint; supports medial longitudinal arch of foot