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Islamic Art Chapter 13
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Islamic overview Dislike of idol worship resulted in strong use of textiles and calligraphy as art forms 2 major architectural forms: mosques and palaces Islam spread very fast reaching as far as Spain Mosques influences by central and basilica plans
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Dome of the Rock, Jerusalem 687-692
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Where Muhammad made sacrifice for his son
Form Stone masonry Glazed ceramic tile Aluminum and bronze Gold Patron = Abd al-Malik Content One of the first Islamic buildings ever constructed 2 ambulatories Where Muhammad was going to prepare a sacrifice for his son on the rock inside No figural or animal representations Inscription (787’ long) proclaims Islamic faith Context San Vitale Function Not a mosque Where Muhammad made sacrifice for his son Terms Muhammad Mosque Ambublatory Themes Religion Power Proclamation of Islam 185. Dome of the Rock. Jerusalem, Palestine. Islamic, Umayyad ce. with multiple renovations. Stone masonry and wooden roof decorated with glazed ceramic tile, mosaics, and gilt aluminum and bronze dome.
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Great Mosque, Damascus, Syria, 706-715
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Mosaic detail, Great Mosque, Damascus
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Detail of mosaic in courtyard of Great Mosque
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Great Mosque, Tunisia: aerial view
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Plan of Great Mosque Tunisia
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Malwiya minaret of the Great Mosque, Samarra, Iraq, 848-852
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57. Pyxis of al-mughira, Umayyad 968 CE, Ivory
Form Content Function Context Themes Terms 57. Pyxis of al-mughira, Umayyad 968 CE, Ivory
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Prayer Hall, Mosque, Cordoba, Spain 961-965
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Great Mosque, Cordoba, Spain Maqsura & Dome
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Form Content Function Context Themes Terms
56. Great Mosque. Cordoba, Spain. Umayyad Dynasty. C C.E. Stone masonry
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Koran Page on vellum 9th/10th century
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Vowels begun to be included to help read Brown ink
Content Read right to left Vowels begun to be included to help read Brown ink Vegetation & geometric designs (animal/figural=inappropriate Form Ink, color, and gold on parchment Function Convey text of religion Context Written tradition second to oral tradition, and only used after Muhammad’s death Terms Sura = chapter Kufic script Themes Planning/composition Records 187. Folio from a Quran. ARab, North Africa, or Near East. Abbasid. 8th to 9th century ce. ink, color, and gold on parchment
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Form Content Function Context Themes Terms
65. Alhambra. Granada, Spain. Nasrid Dynasty C.E. White washed adobe stucco, wood, tile, paint and guilding.
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Dome from Alhambra, Granada, Spain 1354-1391
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Alhambra, Court of Lions
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Sultan Hasan Madrasa-Mosque-Mausoleum complex, Cairo 1356
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Sultan Hasan Madrasa-Mosque-Mausoleum complex plan, Cairo 1356
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Form Content Function Context Themes Terms
84a. Mosque of Selim II. Edirne, Turkey. Sinan (architect) Brick and stone b. Mosque of Selim II (interior view, dome) c. Mosque of Selim II plan
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Sinan the Great, Mosque of Selim II, Erdine, Turkey 1568-1575
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Sinan the Great and the Hagia Sophia
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Stone, brick, wood, plaster, glazed ceramic tile Content
Form Stone, brick, wood, plaster, glazed ceramic tile Content Constructed from 8th to 20th century Situated in the middle of a city From the sky – looks like bubble wrap! Earth tones and colorful tiles motifs Function Mosque, religious building Pedestrian hub Terms Hypostyle hall Occulus Mihrab Qibla wall Themes Religion Power Development of art over time Context 4-iwan mosque 186. Great Mosque (Masjid-e Jameh) Isfahan, Iran. Islamic, Persian: Seljuk, Il-Khanid, Timurid and Safavid Dynasties. 700 ce. additions and restorations in the 14th, 18th, and 20th centuries ce. stone, brick, wood plaster and glazed ceramic tile
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Mihrab from Madrasa Imami, Iran 1357, glazed tilework
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Taj Mahal, Agra, India,
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Form Content Function Context Themes Terms
209. Taj Mahal Agra, Uttar Pradesh, India. Masons, marble workers, mosaicists, and decorators working under the supervision of Ustad Ahmad Lahori, architect of the emperor C.E. Stone masonry and marble with inlay of precious and semiprecious stones; gardens
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Brass inlaid with gold and silver Content Mamluk artisans
Form Brass inlaid with gold and silver Content Mamluk artisans Figures, animals, decorative patterning (completely covered) Sea animals on the bottom Continuous band of animals & men on horseback Rulers & coats of arms Scenes of battle 4 figures in round shapes, procession Fleur de Lis (France & Mamluk sultan) Function Baptize children of royal family of France Themes Context Islamic inscriptions Created for export Signature! Terms 188. Basin (Baptistere de St. Louis) Muhammad ibn al-Zain ce brass inlaid with gold and silver
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Ink and opaque watercolor, gold, and silver on paper Content
Form Ink and opaque watercolor, gold, and silver on paper Content Bahram slaying a beast Skilled horse rider Part of the Shahnama, Book of Kings Function Tell stories of ancient heroes and kings Context Illustrated manuscripts Shahnama Alexander mosaic Themes Political power Intertwining of cultures Movement and rhythm Balance & energy Terms Seljuk style 189. Bahram Gur Fights the Karg, folio from the Great Il-Khanid Shahnama. Islamic: Persian, Il'Khanid ce ink and opaque watercolor, gold, and silver on paper
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Ink, opaque watercolor, and gold on paper Content
Form Ink, opaque watercolor, and gold on paper Content Manuscript took 20+ years to make 258 illustrations Surrounded by son and grandson, king addresses court below This painting took 3 years to complete Minute detail Function To show the life of kings Terms Shahnama Miniature painting Themes Miniature paintings Talent/detail Royal life/daily courts Context Illuminated manuscript Shahnama 190. The Court of Gayumars, folio from Shah Tahmasp's Shahnama. Sultan Muhammad ce. ink, opaque watercolor, and gold on paper
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191. The Ardabil Carpet. Maqsud of Kashan. 1539-1540 ce. silk and wool
Form Silk and wool Content Once had a matching pair created for a shrine 340 knots per square inch (today – knots) Middle medallion, 4 corner pieces, rectangles for calligraphy Lamps Function Religious purpose, for a shrine Themes Extreme detail Luxury Artisan skill worship Context Woven arts World’s oldest and largest Islamic carpets Terms Sufism = Islamic mysticism 191. The Ardabil Carpet. Maqsud of Kashan ce. silk and wool
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Content “cube” (arabic) Hajj Circumambulate, kiss & touch the stone
Form Granite Masonry Masjid Al-Haram Courtyard Content “cube” (arabic) Hajj Circumambulate, kiss & touch the stone Constructed by Abraham Function Religious Center Context Hajj, face towards Mecca for prayer Edited & reconstructed many times Once covered with relief sculptures Now has a cloth that is replaced every year Courtyard expanded to accommodate people participating in the hajj & worship Themes Religion Terms Circumambulate Hajj Mecca Masjid 183. The Kaaba. Mecca, Saudi Arabia. Islamic ce multiple renovations granite masonry
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Form Content Function Context Themes Terms
208. Jahangir Preferring a Sufi Shaikh Bichitr. c C.E. Watercolor gold, and ink on paper
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