1. The Integumentary System
Chapter 5
The Integumentary System
Part A

2. Functions _____________________– Barrier against infection and injury
Help regulate body __________
Removes ______________
Protects against UV radiation
Sensation -- touch
Produce vitamin___________
Reservoir of__________

3. Skin (Integument)- largest organ
Consists of three major regions
___________– outermost superficial region
_________– middle region contains nerves, bloods vessels and glands
______________– deepest region, contains fat

4. Skin (Integument) Figure 5.3 Figure 5.3
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5. Cells of the Epidermis
______________– produce the fibrous protein keratin
______________– produce the brown pigment melanin
Langerhans’ cells – epidermal macrophages that help activate the ________________system
_____________cells – function as touch receptors in association with sensory nerve endings

6. Sweat Glands
2 types prevent overheating of the body; others secret cerumen and milk
______________sweat glands – found in palms, soles of the feet, and forehead
___________sweat glands – found in axillary and anogenital areas
______________glands – modified apocrine glands in external ear canal and secrete cerumen
____________________glands – specialized sweat glands that secret milk
Copyright © 2003 Pearson Education, Inc. publishing as Benjamin Cummings

7. Skin Color Three pigments contribute to skin color
Melanin – yellow to reddish-brown to black pigment, responsible for dark skin colors
Protects skin from damage by absorbing UV radiation
Freckles and pigmented moles – result from local accumulations of melanin
________________– yellow to orange pigment, most obvious in the palms and soles of the feet
_____________– reddish pigment responsible for the pinkish hue of the skin
Copyright © 2003 Pearson Education, Inc. publishing as Benjamin Cummings

9. Sebaceous Glands ___________________skin
Found __________________over the body
Secrete an oily secretion called____________________
Copyright © 2003 Pearson Education, Inc. publishing as Benjamin Cummings

10. Hair
Helps maintain_____________, senses insects on the skin, and guards the scalp against physical trauma, heat loss, and sunlight
Filamentous strands of _________________keratinized cells produced by hair_____________________
Copyright © 2003 Pearson Education, Inc. publishing as Benjamin Cummings

11. Structure of a Nail
Scale-like modification of the ________________ on the distal, dorsal surface of fingers and toes
Figure 5.7
Copyright © 2003 Pearson Education, Inc. publishing as Benjamin Cummings

12. Skin Cancer UV damages skin cells and produces cancer
UV intensity is getting higher due to reduction of ______________in atmosphere
Skin protection from UV is vital to body______________

13. Immune System

14. General Characteristics:
The germ theory of disease – infectious diseases are caused by microorganisms
The body’s main __________against pathogens
Fights infection by producing cells that _________________foreign substances or cells

15. Ways to Contract Pathogens:
Physical contact – Coughs, Sneezes, Touching objects, Sexual contact
Contaminated food or water
Animal __________________– Insects, Mammals, Birds

16. Disease:
____________________diseases – immune system makes a mistake & attacks body’s own cells
Body fails to recognize “self” from “nonself” & produces “antiself” antibodies
Diabetes, rheumatoid arthritis, myasthenia gravis, multiple sclerosis

17. Disease (con’t) Human ______________________Virus
Replicates inside the cells of the immune system
Transmitted through exchange of body fluids (blood, semen, vaginal secretions, breast milk)

18. Two General Categories of Body Defense:
Nonspecific defenses
a. First line of defense is the_________________
1. Acts as a ___________against infection
2. Oil & sweat glands produce___________
environment that kills many bacteria

19. Two General Categories of Body Defense:
b. Secretions of body (mucus,___________, tears) often contain an __________that breaks down the cell walls of many______________

20. Two General Categories of Body Defense:
c. Second line of defense – inflammatory response
When there is tissue damage, ________________vessels near wound expand & white blood cells enter ______________ tissues (swelling)  lead to fever - immune system chemicals increase body______________________

21. Two General Categories of Body Defense:
Specific defenses
__________– foreign protein on a pathogen produces an immune response
Immune response involves two types of white blood cells
B cells – provide immunity against antigens & pathogens in body fluids
T cells – provide defense against abnormal cells & pathogens inside cells

22. How the Immune System Works:
___________of pathogen recognized by B cells
B cells grow & divide rapidly, producing plasma cells & memory B cells
a. Plasma cells release antibodies – proteins that recognize & bind to antigens
b. Memory cells remain after plasma cells die out &
help produce_____________ response next time this
pathogen is encountered

24. General Characteristics:
T cells divide & differentiate into killer T cells, helper T cells, suppressor T cells, & memory T cells
Killer T cells track down & destroy cells containing pathogens
Helper T cells produce memory T cells
Memory T cells produce secondary response
Suppressor T cells shut down killer T cells as pathogens are brought under control

25. Types of Immunity or treatment:
Passive immunity – antibodies produced by other people or animals
Antibodies produced by mother passed to fetus across placenta or through breast milk

26. Types of Immunity or treatment:
______________- Vaccines stimulate the immune system to create millions of plasma cells ready to produce specific types of antibodies
____________– kill bacteria without harming cells of host