How do New Zealand journalists compare?

How do New Zealand journalists compare?
Data from the Worlds of Journalism study

27,000 journalists, 64 countries
Socio-demographic: age, gender, education, experience, income Role: interventionist or monitors/ neutral observers Influences: political, commercial, entertainment, social, legal, military, religious Ethics: rule-based, or subjective Reporting practices: how accepting of intrusion, deceipt, commercial influences Change: profit-making pressures, pressure towards sensational news, ethical standards, social media, time available for researching stories

French-speaking journalists in Canada, Belgium and Switzerland have in common more politicized and less audience-oriented role perceptions than their other-language counterparts in these countries. In 12 Muslim-majority countries,a relationship between Islamic values and journalists’ role perceptions but at the same time argue that larger political, economic and socio-cultural aspects are more important determinants for journalistic culture In eight developing countries, journalists are significantly more likely to support development journalism ideals than detached, adversarial journalism. In Nordic countries, journalists’ professional orientations, show a shared vision of their professional identity that reflects central characteristics of these countries’ political culture and media systems. In post-conflict Balkan countries, “transitional journalism” journalistic culture is distinguished by an adherence to traditional Western journalism values but also an acknowledgment of the media’s role in contributing to societal transition following longer periods of conflict. In post-authoritarian and post-totalitarian countries, there are particularly low levels of trust by journalists in regulative institutions. Globally, a relationship between the level of journalists’ freedom and their conceptions of knowledge and reality, and journalists’ opinions about facts

Australia 55.5% Bangladesh 10.9% Latvia 72.4% New Zealand 50.4% UK USA
Aggregated Data on Key Variables Sociodemographic backgrounds: Gender Percentage of women journalists % Albania 51.7% Italy 42.4% Argentina 36.9% Japan 17.9% Australia 55.5% Kenya 42.3% Austria 40.8% Kosovo 45.5% Bangladesh 10.9% Latvia 72.4% Belgium 36.5% Malawi 35.1% Bhutan 50.0% Malaysia 52.6% Botswana 37.6% Mexico 31.8% Brazil 49.2% Moldova 60.6% Canada 43.5% Netherlands 39.3% Chile 43.2% New Zealand 50.4% China 50.5% Norway Colombia 39.7% Oman Croatia 53.9% Philippines 51.1% Cyprus 42.2% Portugal 45.9% Czech Republic 43.3% Qatar 27.7% Denmark 43.1% Romania 62.5% Ecuador 33.2% Russia 64.6% Egypt Serbia 53.8% El Salvador 40.4% Sierra Leone 29.1% Estonia 58.4% Singapore 58.9% Ethiopia 28.9% South Africa 62.1% Finland 55.2% South Korea 23.7% France 45.4% Spain 41.0% Germany 40.1% Sudan 34.9% Greece 47.0% Sweden Hong Kong 44.9% Switzerland 38.5% Hungary 47.5% Tanzania 45.2% Iceland 35.0% Thailand 43.8% India 27.6% Turkey Indonesia 21.5% UAE 50.2% Ireland 41.9% UK Israel 32.6% USA 27.1% © Worlds of Journalism Study

Australia 82.1% New Zealand 85.1% China 99.5% Sierra Leone 40.4% UK
Aggregated Data on Key Variables Sociodemographic backgrounds: Education Percentage of journalists holding a university/college degree % Albania 98.0% Italy 72.9% Argentina 67.7% Japan 99.0% Australia 82.1% Kenya 90.9% Austria 63.2% Kosovo 86.2% Bangladesh 86.8% Latvia 80.3% Belgium 96.3% Malawi 94.8% Bhutan 98.9% Malaysia 82.8% Botswana 89.1% Mexico 86.9% Brazil 88.8% Moldova 81.4% Canada 93.4% Netherlands 81.8% Chile 96.5% New Zealand 85.1% China 99.5% Norway 89.3% Colombia 89.4% Oman 78.7% Croatia 71.7% Philippines 93.6% Cyprus Portugal Czech Republic Qatar 72.7% Denmark 93.2% Romania 70.7% Ecuador 80.1% Russia 82.3% Egypt 97.3% Serbia 68.6% El Salvador 79.6% Sierra Leone 40.4% Estonia 81.7% Singapore 93.7% Ethiopia 97.4% South Africa 84.3% Finland 74.6% South Korea 99.4% France 95.6% Spain 96.7% Germany 75.5% Sudan 95.2% Greece 65.6% Sweden 60.5% Hong Kong 88.9% Switzerland 69.6% Hungary Tanzania 99.3% Iceland 68.4% Thailand 81.6% India 99.2% Turkey 91.1% Indonesia 87.0% UAE 91.8% Ireland 85.6% UK 86.3% Israel 73.4% USA © Worlds of Journalism Study

Japan 12.5% Australia 70.2% Kenya 92.6% New Zealand 65.3% UK 41.2% USA
Aggregated Data on Key Variables Sociodemographic backgrounds: Professional specialization Percentage of journalists who hold a degree in journalism and/or communication % Albania 72.4% Italy 50.1% Argentina 70.9% Japan 12.5% Australia 70.2% Kenya 92.6% Austria 41.9% Kosovo 67.0% Bangladesh 43.7% Latvia 58.5% Belgium 64.3% Malawi 85.9% Bhutan 23.0% Malaysia 55.9% Botswana 81.4% Mexico 62.5% Brazil 90.8% Moldova 68.2% Canada 71.3% Netherlands 57.8% Chile 86.5% New Zealand 65.3% China 76.2% Norway Colombia 27.5% Oman 61.4% Croatia 48.4% Philippines 73.1% Cyprus 80.8% Portugal 75.9% Czech Republic 47.5% Qatar 71.1% Denmark 82.2% Romania 64.7% Ecuador 77.2% Russia 76.1% Egypt 71.8% Serbia 48.5% El Salvador 81.7% Sierra Leone 48.3% Estonia 51.5% Singapore 39.4% Ethiopia 55.2% South Africa 69.6% Finland 55.6% South Korea 46.0% France 79.2% Spain 88.6% Germany 36.6% Sudan 65.2% Greece 56.1% Sweden 68.0% Hong Kong 69.1% Switzerland 37.9% Hungary 68.3% Tanzania Iceland 24.9% Thailand 52.6% India 72.1% Turkey 31.9% Indonesia 33.9% UAE 72.6% Ireland 73.0% UK 41.2% Israel 38.3% USA 78.9% © Worlds of Journalism Study

Australia 37.74 Bhutan 27.89 New Zealand 43.66 UK 43.17 USA 46.91
Aggregated Data on Key Variables Sociodemographic backgrounds: Age Mean Albania 32.54 Italy 42.98 Argentina 38.75 Japan 41.25 Australia 37.74 Kenya 31.94 Austria 43.00 Kosovo 30.83 Bangladesh 36.67 Latvia 40.27 Belgium 38.16 Malawi 31.23 Bhutan 27.89 Malaysia 35.46 Botswana 34.07 Mexico 38.41 Brazil 34.68 Moldova 30.26 Canada 44.51 Netherlands 46.76 Chile 32.99 New Zealand 43.66 China 33.90 Norway 43.33 Colombia 35.21 Oman 37.88 Croatia 44.69 Philippines 37.86 Cyprus 37.51 Portugal 39.00 Czech Republic 35.68 Qatar – Denmark 45.90 Romania 30.65 Ecuador 35.22 Russia 32.11 Egypt 36.73 Serbia 40.92 El Salvador 32.00 Sierra Leone 31.59 Estonia 40.94 Singapore 37.70 Ethiopia 30.39 South Africa 39.92 Finland 43.40 South Korea 37.19 France 36.64 Spain 39.23 Germany 45.58 Sudan 37.34 Greece 40.23 Sweden 51.32 Hong Kong 30.01 Switzerland 41.63 Hungary 33.17 Tanzania 27.63 Iceland 39.58 Thailand India 36.52 Turkey 32.35 Indonesia 34.43 UAE 37.73 Ireland 39.18 UK 43.17 Israel 42.88 USA 46.91 © Worlds of Journalism Study

Australia 76.9% 4.07 Latvia 96.4% 4.63 New Zealand 3.95 Tanzania 26.5%
Aggregated Data on Key Variables Journalistic Roles: Be a detached observer Question: Please tell me how important each of these things is in your work. Scale: 5 = extremely important; 4 = very important; 3 = somewhat important; 2 = little important; 1 = unimportant 1 Percentage saying “extremely” and “very important” %1 Mean Albania 90.8% 4.31 Italy 86.6% 4.47 Argentina 52.1% 3.42 Japan 44.1% 3.37 Australia 76.9% 4.07 Kenya 61.0% 3.57 Austria 88.3% 4.41 Kosovo 94.9% 4.67 Bangladesh 47.9% 3.31 Latvia 96.4% 4.63 Belgium 85.3% 4.34 Malawi 70.9% 3.97 Bhutan 73.3% 3.93 Malaysia 71.5% 3.89 Botswana 68.5% 3.86 Mexico 58.4% 3.47 Brazil 73.1% 4.13 Moldova 82.7% 4.30 Canada 78.4% 4.12 Netherlands 64.9% 3.76 Chile 54.4% 3.52 New Zealand 3.95 China 64.4% 3.70 Norway 62.7% 3.64 Colombia 43.1% 3.19 Oman 89.5% 4.23 Croatia 83.1% 4.39 Philippines 70.8% 3.88 Cyprus 72.7% 4.21 Portugal 85.9% 4.42 Czech Republic 91.0% 4.53 Qatar 53.2% 3.48 Denmark 63.2% 3.80 Romania 85.6% 4.45 Ecuador 49.4% Russia 61.3% 3.81 Egypt 92.2% 4.65 Serbia 65.7% 3.79 El Salvador 3.33 Sierra Leone Estonia 91.2% Singapore 42.6% 3.16 Ethiopia 58.0% 3.51 South Africa 62.5% 3.78 Finland 91.5% 4.51 South Korea 69.3% France 77.6% 4.19 Spain 70.3% 3.92 Germany 82.5% 4.27 Sudan 94.5% 4.72 Greece 70.4% Sweden 90.4% Hong Kong 58.7% Switzerland 82.8% 4.26 Hungary 86.5% 4.38 Tanzania 26.5% 3.14 Iceland 76.7% 4.09 Thailand 82.1% India 76.0% 4.04 Turkey 4.66 Indonesia 64.0% UAE 49.3% 3.45 Ireland 75.2% 4.05 UK 76.8% 4.11 Israel 50.9% 3.36 USA 75.5% 1 Percentage saying “extremely” and “very important” © Worlds of Journalism Study

Japan 90.8% 4.47 Australia 60.4% 3.56 Netherlands 28.1% 2.72
Aggregated Data on Key Variables Journalistic Roles: Monitor and scrutinize political leaders Question: Please tell me how important each of these things is in your work. Scale: 5 = extremely important; 4 = very important; 3 = somewhat important; 2 = little important; 1 = unimportant 1 Percentage saying “extremely” and “very important” %1 Mean Albania 36.5% 3.02 Italy 44.0% 3.28 Argentina 71.7% 3.96 Japan 90.8% 4.47 Australia 60.4% 3.56 Kenya 55.9% 3.52 Austria 45.4% 3.18 Kosovo 63.5% 3.75 Bangladesh 63.2% 3.84 Latvia 51.9% 3.37 Belgium 55.0% 3.38 Malawi 74.7% 4.13 Bhutan 66.3% 3.87 Malaysia 50.3% 3.55 Botswana 75.7% Mexico 86.9% 4.33 Brazil 52.1% Moldova 57.5% Canada 67.8% 3.85 Netherlands 28.1% 2.72 Chile 66.4% New Zealand 61.6% 3.69 China 40.7% 3.14 Norway 38.6% 2.96 Colombia 78.9% 4.19 Oman 33.5% 3.30 Croatia 88.4% 4.51 Philippines 80.7% 4.18 Cyprus 64.0% 3.67 Portugal 78.4% 4.14 Czech Republic 3.44 Qatar 29.7% 2.58 Denmark 80.4% Romania 51.2% 3.40 Ecuador 73.7% 4.01 Russia 28.5% Egypt 74.6% 4.05 Serbia 69.9% 3.93 El Salvador 86.4% 4.28 Sierra Leone 79.8% 4.17 Estonia 53.3% 3.43 Singapore 50.6% Ethiopia 47.5% 3.25 South Africa 63.4% 3.62 Finland 63.8% 3.73 South Korea 86.0% 4.34 France 56.1% 3.64 Spain 79.2% Germany 36.3% 2.79 Sudan 83.7% 4.39 Greece 65.3% 3.82 Sweden 87.1% 4.35 Hong Kong 80.0% 4.09 Switzerland 46.6% Hungary 43.7% 3.12 Tanzania Iceland 42.6% 3.20 Thailand 73.0% India 62.8% 3.78 Turkey Indonesia 56.0% 3.60 UAE 49.3% Ireland 61.5% 3.66 UK 48.1% 3.26 Israel 62.9% USA 86.1% 1 Percentage saying “extremely” and “very important” © Worlds of Journalism Study

Journalistic Roles: Set the political agenda %1
Aggregated Data on Key Variables Journalistic Roles: Set the political agenda Question: Please tell me how important each of these things is in your work. Scale: 5 = extremely important; 4 = very important; 3 = somewhat important; 2 = little important; 1 = unimportant %1 Mean Albania 19.7% 2.28 Italy 22.3% 2.54 Argentina 48.0% 3.38 Japan 60.5% 3.73 Australia 18.9% 2.31 Kenya 48.2% 3.30 Austria 9.8% 2.22 Kosovo 38.2% 2.92 Bangladesh 40.2% 3.04 Latvia 27.8% 2.68 Belgium 26.7% 2.76 Malawi 65.6% 3.78 Bhutan 49.4% 3.40 Malaysia 33.2% 2.99 Botswana 41.6% 3.07 Mexico 70.7% 3.90 Brazil 20.5% 2.65 Moldova 34.1% 2.86 Canada 23.4% 2.51 Netherlands 16.9% 2.41 Chile 50.5% 3.36 New Zealand 18.2% 2.42 China 29.0% 2.77 Norway 36.9% 2.95 Colombia 65.3% 3.82 Oman 44.4% 3.19 Croatia 51.5% 3.47 Philippines 44.3% 3.29 Cyprus 29.5% Portugal 29.1% Czech Republic 31.6% 2.91 Qatar 36.4% 2.93 Denmark 30.0% Romania 30.5% 2.75 Ecuador 59.4% 3.57 Russia 2.43 Egypt 56.0% 3.60 Serbia 43.1% 3.14 El Salvador 68.8% 3.91 Sierra Leone 55.5% 3.49 Estonia 43.6% 3.15 Singapore 44.8% 3.09 Ethiopia 45.7% South Africa 17.4% 2.24 Finland 15.0% 2.37 South Korea 66.0% 3.75 France 2.44 Spain 37.0% 3.13 Germany 2.10 Sudan 53.5% 3.58 Greece 16.0% 2.39 Sweden 18.4% 2.50 Hong Kong 30.2% Switzerland 19.9% 2.59 Hungary 25.1% 2.61 Tanzania 90.1% 4.26 Iceland 2.9% 1.39 Thailand 65.0% India 38.4% 2.94 Turkey 69.6% 3.74 Indonesia 28.3% 2.84 UAE 2.63 Ireland 2.53 UK 15.1% 2.29 Israel 50.9% 3.34 USA 11.3% 2.09 1 Percentage saying “extremely” and “very important” © Worlds of Journalism Study

Australia 37.8% 3.03 New Zealand 39.0% 3.07 Tanzania 93.4% 4.37
Aggregated Data on Key Variables Journalistic Roles: Advocate for social change Question: Please tell me how important each of these things is in your work. Scale: 5 = extremely important; 4 = very important; 3 = somewhat important; 2 = little important; 1 = unimportant %1 Mean Albania 72.3% 3.88 Italy 46.9% 3.28 Argentina 69.7% 3.83 Japan 31.6% 3.06 Australia 37.8% 3.03 Kenya 78.8% 4.08 Austria 32.4% 2.96 Kosovo 4.05 Bangladesh 79.6% 4.16 Latvia 68.2% Belgium 21.6% 2.59 Malawi 82.8% 4.30 Bhutan 53.3% 3.44 Malaysia 61.7% 3.67 Botswana 73.4% Mexico 89.7% 4.50 Brazil 64.1% 3.84 Moldova 72.9% 4.04 Canada 35.7% 2.91 Netherlands 23.1% 2.66 Chile 61.1% 3.80 New Zealand 39.0% 3.07 China 45.2% 3.32 Norway 32.9% Colombia 84.7% 4.40 Oman 76.7% 4.03 Croatia 75.6% Philippines 85.3% Cyprus 70.6% 4.14 Portugal 47.9% 3.35 Czech Republic 25.4% 2.71 Qatar 57.1% 3.64 Denmark 26.0% 2.69 Romania 70.9% Ecuador 76.3% Russia 66.2% 3.87 Egypt 4.17 Serbia 76.9% 4.13 El Salvador 78.4% 4.26 Sierra Leone 90.3% 4.52 Estonia 54.9% 3.53 Singapore 41.9% 3.17 Ethiopia 79.8% South Africa 55.9% 3.62 Finland 30.9% 2.98 South Korea 59.0% 3.70 France 21.4% 2.51 Spain 69.5% 3.90 Germany 29.5% 2.77 Sudan 93.1% 4.72 Greece 68.4% 3.91 Sweden 38.5% Hong Kong 38.3% Switzerland 21.5% 2.60 Hungary 50.0% 3.45 Tanzania 93.4% 4.37 Iceland 12.0% 2.13 Thailand 75.2% 4.02 India 74.5% Turkey 81.7% 4.19 Indonesia 81.0% UAE 47.6% 3.23 Ireland 36.8% 3.08 UK 28.8% Israel 80.2% 4.27 USA 29.6% 2.72 1 Percentage saying “extremely” and “very important” © Worlds of Journalism Study

Aggregated Data on Key Variables
Journalistic Roles: Provide the kind of news that attracts the largest audience Question: Please tell me how important each of these things is in your work. Scale: 5 = extremely important; 4 = very important; 3 = somewhat important; 2 = little important; 1 = unimportant %1 Mean Albania 81.6% 4.14 Italy 38.5% 3.09 Argentina 40.9% 3.16 Japan 39.2% 3.26 Australia 61.4% 3.70 Kenya 68.1% 3.78 Austria 60.7% 3.73 Kosovo 62.1% 3.80 Bangladesh 75.9% 4.16 Latvia 57.8% 3.53 Belgium 32.0% 2.90 Malawi 83.5% 4.28 Bhutan 58.9% 3.66 Malaysia 67.6% 3.88 Botswana 71.7% 4.04 Mexico 74.2% 4.09 Brazil 43.9% 3.36 Moldova 60.1% 3.77 Canada 24.7% 2.78 Netherlands 29.3% 2.85 Chile 57.7% 3.59 New Zealand 43.5% 3.27 China 62.4% Norway 30.2% 2.96 Colombia 65.4% 3.86 Oman 69.3% 3.93 Croatia 3.02 Philippines 52.3% 3.49 Cyprus 32.8% 2.71 Portugal 24.6% 2.77 Czech Republic 38.2% Qatar 48.2% 3.38 Denmark 7.4% 2.20 Romania 3.81 Ecuador 70.8% 3.87 Russia 66.2% 3.94 Egypt 62.7% 3.84 Serbia 49.1% 3.47 El Salvador 62.9% 3.75 Sierra Leone 72.4% 4.01 Estonia 80.6% 4.23 Singapore 38.9% Ethiopia 80.8% 4.25 South Africa 58.8% 3.68 Finland 42.6% 3.34 South Korea 25.0% 2.91 France 21.1% 2.67 Spain 33.4% 2.95 Germany 73.5% 4.00 Sudan 89.1% 4.52 Greece 30.6% Sweden 5.4% 2.00 Hong Kong 35.1% 3.14 Switzerland 46.5% Hungary 61.9% 3.74 Tanzania 97.8% 4.58 Iceland 34.8% 3.17 Thailand 73.8% 4.02 India 69.7% Turkey 63.8% 3.65 Indonesia 76.2% 3.96 UAE 76.6% 4.11 Ireland 42.9% 3.37 UK 45.4% 3.30 Israel 56.8% 3.57 USA 53.2% 3.52 1 Percentage saying “extremely” and “very important” © Worlds of Journalism Study

Australia 91.4% 4.34 New Zealand 82.1% Russia 40.1% 3.17 Sudan 94.9%
Aggregated Data on Key Variables Influences: Journalism ethics Question: Here is a list of potential sources of influence. Please tell me how much influence each of the following has on your work. Scale: 5 = extremely influential; 4 = very influential; 3 = somewhat influential; 2 = little influential; 1 = not influential %1 Mean Albania 88.5% 4.23 Italy 77.6% 4.19 Argentina 83.4% Japan 61.7% 3.77 Australia 91.4% 4.34 Kenya 80.5% 4.13 Austria 68.7% 3.87 Kosovo 86.9% 4.40 Bangladesh 82.3% 4.31 Latvia 61.8% 3.63 Belgium 75.8% 4.03 Malawi 89.0% 4.50 Bhutan 53.4% 3.49 Malaysia 71.7% 3.97 Botswana 92.3% 4.61 Mexico 93.4% 4.54 Brazil 78.0% 4.15 Moldova 77.4% 4.17 Canada 4.53 Netherlands 49.6% 3.31 Chile 83.1% 4.33 New Zealand 82.1% China 3.88 Norway 3.92 Colombia 76.6% Oman 57.2% 3.54 Croatia 84.3% 4.28 Philippines 92.9% 4.47 Cyprus 66.0% 4.07 Portugal 92.7% 4.60 Czech Republic 90.2% 4.42 Qatar 35.2% 2.87 Denmark 70.7% 3.95 Romania 81.4% 4.25 Ecuador 88.8% Russia 40.1% 3.17 Egypt 87.4% Serbia 87.3% 4.39 El Salvador 86.0% 4.36 Sierra Leone 86.6% 4.44 Estonia Singapore 53.8% 3.39 Ethiopia 62.9% 3.62 South Africa 91.9% 4.57 Finland South Korea 68.9% 3.81 France 78.6% 4.21 Spain 89.5% Germany 77.2% 4.05 Sudan 94.9% 4.66 Greece 77.7% Sweden 69.5% 3.78 Hong Kong 55.3% 3.53 Switzerland 61.0% 3.68 Hungary 71.6% 4.02 Tanzania 68.8% Iceland 65.5% 3.82 Thailand 76.9% India Turkey 54.8% 3.46 Indonesia 4.08 UAE 73.2% Ireland 79.4% 4.16 UK 76.4% 4.10 Israel 87.6% 4.43 USA 4.59 1 Percentage saying “extremely influential” and “very influential” © Worlds of Journalism Study

Australia 21.9% 2.48 Canada 7.4% 1.65 New Zealand 25.2% 2.51 Denmark
Aggregated Data on Key Variables Influences: Censorship Question: Here is another list. Again, please tell me on a scale of 5 to 1 how influential each of the following is in your work. Scale: 5 = extremely influential; 4 = very influential; 3 = somewhat influential; 2 = little influential; 1 = not influential %1 Mean Albania 24.8% 2.56 Italy 13.8% 2.08 Argentina 30.9% 2.65 Japan 5.4% 1.82 Australia 21.9% 2.48 Kenya 63.2% 3.72 Austria 1.5% 1.27 Kosovo 37.6% 2.88 Bangladesh 41.9% 3.08 Latvia 2.4% 1.35 Belgium 6.8% 1.66 Malawi 69.2% 3.92 Bhutan 67.8% 3.77 Malaysia 65.4% 3.73 Botswana 57.7% 3.59 Mexico 41.0% 3.03 Brazil 12.8% 2.10 Moldova 24.7% 2.54 Canada 7.4% 1.65 Netherlands 4.0% 1.59 Chile 26.9% New Zealand 25.2% 2.51 China 61.5% 3.74 Norway 3.3% 1.56 Colombia 32.0% 2.74 Oman 54.7% 3.45 Croatia 28.0% 2.60 Philippines 35.3% 3.01 Cyprus 34.5% 3.07 Portugal 6.7% 1.57 Czech Republic 14.0% 1.85 Qatar 29.6% 2.62 Denmark 1.2% 1.29 Romania 22.6% 2.44 Ecuador 47.4% 3.32 Russia 20.0% 2.47 Egypt 3.06 Serbia 25.5% 2.64 El Salvador 35.8% 2.99 Sierra Leone 53.9% 3.34 Estonia 6.0% 1.50 Singapore 41.6% 3.20 Ethiopia 52.9% 3.41 South Africa 20.2% 2.37 Finland 2.5% South Korea 25.3% 2.75 France 6.2% 1.77 Spain 13.7% Germany 2.8% 1.38 Sudan 69.7% 3.88 Greece 2.49 Sweden 2.6% 1.46 Hong Kong 23.8% 2.76 Switzerland 2.0% Hungary 24.9% 2.63 Tanzania 90.4% 4.50 Iceland 2.9% 1.63 Thailand 3.84 India 50.7% 3.37 Turkey 52.6% Indonesia 49.5% UAE 71.4% 3.87 Ireland 18.0% 2.33 UK 15.3% 2.21 Israel 50.9% USA 17.0% 2.15 1 Percentage saying “extremely influential” and “very influential” © Worlds of Journalism Study

Australia 17.5% 42.5% New Zealand 15.2% 60.4 % UK 29.0 % USA 17.0%
Aggregated Data on Key Variables Change: Ethical standards Question: The importance of some influences on journalism may have changed over time. Please tell me to what extent these influences have become stronger or weaker during the past five years in [country]. Scale: 5 = strengthened a lot; 4 = somewhat strengthened; 3 = did not change; 2 = somewhat weakened; 1 = weakened a lot %1strengthened %2 weakened Albania 52.3% 26.4% Italy 18.4% 65.8% Argentina 30.6% 43.0% Japan 59.9% 14.2% Australia 17.5% 42.5% Kenya 69.4% 17.8% Austria 27.5% 36.5% Kosovo 39.6% 34.4% Bangladesh 47.6% 30.1% Latvia 32.1% Belgium 26.9% 25.7% Malawi 73.4% 15.6% Bhutan 83.7% 2.0% Malaysia 62.2% 15.1% Botswana 72.7% 11.8% Mexico 58.4% 21.6% Brazil 35.1% 33.6% Moldova 69.5% 21.2% Canada 24.1% Netherlands 16.5% 49.8% Chile 33.8% 38.1% New Zealand 15.2% 60.4 % China 43.2% 24.4% Norway 47.8% 21.8% Colombia 32.3% 42.9% Oman 67.5% 11.0% Croatia 7.4% 75.7% Philippines 37.1% Cyprus 9.2% 74.5% Portugal 43.3% Czech Republic 18.3% 43.7% Qatar – Denmark Romania 64.2% 17.3% Ecuador 84.4% 6.0% Russia 24.9% 47.4% Egypt 50.9% 12.9% Serbia 66.2% El Salvador 62.3% 19.8% Sierra Leone 82.1% 9.7% Estonia 42.7% 22.9% Singapore 40.4% 28.1% Ethiopia 50.0% 26.8% South Africa 37.8% 33.3% Finland 33.1% 30.4% South Korea 32.2% 42.0% France 27.6% 35.8% Spain 10.4% 63.7% Germany 14.4% 47.1% Sudan Greece 13.0% 68.0% Sweden 18.0% 32.0% Hong Kong 22.5% Switzerland 21.1% 37.2% Hungary 53.4% Tanzania 30.0% Iceland 49.6% 6.2% Thailand 79.7% 7.6% India 45.8% 31.8% Turkey 9.4% 75.5% Indonesia 66.9% 9.9% UAE 67.2% 15.3% Ireland 35.0% 38.9% UK 29.0 % Israel 72.6% USA 17.0% 45.1 % 1 Percentage saying “strengthened a lot” and “somewhat strengthened” 2 Percentage saying “weakened a lot” and “somewhat weakened” © Worlds of Journalism Study

Australia 8.2% 55.3% New Zealand 9.0% 67.9% UK 9.2% 66.5% USA 53.4%
Aggregated Data on Key Variables Change: The credibility of journalism Question: Journalism is in a state of change. Please tell me whether you think there has been an increase or a decrease in the following aspects of work in [country]. Scale: 5 = increased a lot; 4 = somewhat increased; 3 = did not change; 2 = somewhat decreased; 1 = decreased a lot strengthened%1 weakened%2 Albania 40.3% 34.7% Italy 6.3% 81.0% Argentina 18.8% 60.1% Japan 14.3% 57.5% Australia 8.2% 55.3% Kenya 73.5% 17.2% Austria 6.0% 64.6% Kosovo 51.5% 15.5% Bangladesh 59.6% 21.9% Latvia 37.7% 30.8% Belgium 11.4% 58.0% Malawi 70.5% 9.8% Bhutan 55.1% 20.4% Malaysia 62.0% 10.7% Botswana 70.0% 11.8% Mexico 56.7% 20.3% Brazil 24.8% 57.0% Moldova 43.2% 39.0% Canada 14.9% 56.4% Netherlands 7.9% 55.6% Chile 34.1% 33.2% New Zealand 9.0% 67.9% China 31.0% 31.7% Norway 18.7% 43.4% Colombia 60.7% 19.8% Oman 81.7% 7.3% Croatia 8.7% 77.8% Philippines 50.5% 24.7% Cyprus 69.3% 12.4% Portugal 20.6% 48.4% Czech Republic 13.7% 49.1% Qatar – Denmark Romania 18.4% 56.3% Ecuador 66.7% 20.1% Russia 52.6% Egypt 79.1% Serbia 16.2% El Salvador 63.2% 22.6% Sierra Leone 77.3% 13.6% Estonia 19.0% 40.8% Singapore 60.3% 20.7% Ethiopia 41.9% 35.3% South Africa 28.8% 52.4% Finland 10.9% 54.7% South Korea 18.5% 63.8% France 80.3% Spain 10.6% 66.1% Germany 9.5% 64.3% Sudan Greece 61.3% Sweden 12.7% 47.5% Hong Kong 46.2% Switzerland 5.6% 67.6% Hungary 22.1% 54.4% Tanzania 38.6% 24.5% Iceland 30.6% Thailand 68.6% 10.1% India 52.8% 28.3% Turkey 9.4% 77.4% Indonesia 73.3% 8.5% UAE Ireland 12.9% 53.8% UK 9.2% 66.5% Israel 13.2% USA 53.4% 1 Percentage saying “increased a lot” and “somewhat increased” 2 Percentage saying “decreased a lot” and “somewhat decreased” © Worlds of Journalism Study

Australia 80.3% 2.2% New Zealand 89.% 1.0% UK 77.3% 1.8% USA 63.5%
Aggregated Data on Key Variables Change: Profit making pressures Question: The importance of some influences on journalism may have changed over time. Please tell me to what extent these influences have become stronger or weaker during the past five years in [country]. Scale: 5 = strengthened a lot; 4 = somewhat strengthened; 3 = did not change; 2 = somewhat weakened; 1 = weakened a lot %1strengthened %2 Albania 77.9% 5.2% Italy 71.2% 3.2% Argentina 52.0% 11.4% Japan 61.5% 2.8% Australia 80.3% 2.2% Kenya 81.9% 7.1% Austria 82.5% 1.6% Kosovo 66.7% 9.5% Bangladesh 53.1% 13.4% Latvia 80.1% 2.7% Belgium 59.4% 8.3% Malawi 71.0% 4.8% Bhutan 62.5% 4.2% Malaysia 65.2% 4.3% Botswana 67.9% 14.7% Mexico 54.0% 12.9% Brazil 74.1% 2.3% Moldova 66.1% 12.7% Canada 75.6% Netherlands 77.6% .9% Chile 39.2% 31.9% New Zealand 89.% 1.0% China 70.0% 4.7% Norway 84.7% 3.4% Colombia 50.3% 24.6% Oman 36.0% 30.2% Croatia 88.4% 1.3% Philippines 71.5% 3.6% Cyprus 73.9% 0% Portugal Czech Republic 71.6% Qatar – Denmark Romania 43.0% 31.4% Ecuador 44.3% 24.3% Russia 7.0% Egypt 61.6% 16.5% Serbia 83.8% 4.0% El Salvador 51.9% 12.5% Sierra Leone 63.1% 18.0% Estonia 69.0% 3.3% Singapore 39.0% Ethiopia 65.7% South Africa 85.2% 3.0% Finland 91.7% .6% South Korea 84.3% 3.1% France 77.4% 2.9% Spain 63.3% 14.8% Germany 71.1% 3.8% Sudan Greece 79.3% 4.6% Sweden 73.4% Hong Kong 39.3% 7.3% Switzerland 78.3% 1.2% Hungary 89.1% .7% Tanzania 20.6% 40.3% Iceland 52.8% Thailand 80.0% India 72.5% 9.4% Turkey Indonesia UAE 72.2% 8.6% Ireland 68.8% UK 77.3% 1.8% Israel 86.2% 2.0% USA 63.5% 10.7 % 1 Percentage saying “strengthened a lot” and “somewhat strengthened” 2 Percentage saying “weakened a lot” and “somewhat weakened” © Worlds of Journalism Study

Australia 54.4% 5.0% New Zealand 81.1% 1.8% UK 51.8% 10.0% USA 34.0%
Aggregated Data on Key Variables Change: Pressure toward sensational news Question: The importance of some influences on journalism may have changed over time. Please tell me to what extent these influences have become stronger or weaker during the past five years in [country]. Scale: 5 = strengthened a lot; 4 = somewhat strengthened; 3 = did not change; 2 = somewhat weakened; 1 = weakened a lot strengthened%1 %2 %1 Albania 75.8% 5.6% Italy 68.2% 2.3% Argentina 60.1% 9.6% Japan 35.5% 6.4% Australia 54.4% 5.0% Kenya 72.3% 9.5% Austria 58.0% 3.3% Kosovo 73.3% 6.7% Bangladesh 39.3% 34.6% Latvia 71.6% 6.5% Belgium 53.9% 8.0% Malawi 63.9% 18.0% Bhutan 56.3% 16.7% Malaysia 66.7% 3.4% Botswana 53.3% 22.4% Mexico 51.2% 19.5% Brazil 63.7% 6.2% Moldova 65.5% 21.0% Canada 46.8% 7.0% Netherlands 59.6% 2.6% Chile 38.0% 37.6% New Zealand 81.1% 1.8% China 53.6% 11.8% Norway 61.6% Colombia 58.8% 21.3% Oman 54.5% 13.6% Croatia 89.8% 1.3% Philippines 62.2% 10.4% Cyprus Portugal 52.5% 13.9% Czech Republic 69.3% 6.1% Qatar – Denmark Romania 43.7% 34.5% Ecuador 38.5% Russia 58.6% 10.2% Egypt 72.1% 11.1% Serbia 81.0% 6.3% El Salvador 19.0% Sierra Leone 76.8% Estonia 57.8% Singapore 26.3% 33.3% Ethiopia 47.3% 22.1% South Africa 72.0% 4.2% Finland 4.5% South Korea 38.4% 16.1% France 79.0% 2.9% Spain 6.6% Germany 5.8% Sudan Greece 55.1% 12.7% Sweden 59.5% 1.6% Hong Kong 48.6% 6.9% Switzerland 68.5% 2.4% Hungary 79.3% 2.0% Tanzania 26.9% 44.2% Iceland 26.1% 5.4% Thailand 77.4% 0% India 68.4% Turkey 56.6% 15.1% Indonesia 9.4% UAE 78.0% 7.3% Ireland 56.2% 4.9% UK 51.8% 10.0% Israel 71.4% 3.5% USA 34.0% 25.7% 1 Percentage saying “strengthened a lot” and “somewhat strengthened” 2 Percentage saying “weakened a lot” and “somewhat weakened” © Worlds of Journalism Study

Australia 6.0% 79% New Zealand 4% 87.6% UK 2.6 % 86.1% USA 7.7 % 75.3%
Aggregated Data on Key Variables Change: Time available for researching stories %1 %2 Albania 43.9% 20.1% Italy 2.8% 84.1% Argentina 11.6% 66.2% Japan 8.5% 59.4% Australia 6.0% 79% Kenya 50.3% 21.5% Austria 3.9% 86.9% Kosovo 36.7% 32.7% Bangladesh 63.4% 18.9% Latvia 20.5% 57.9% Belgium 8.6% 78.6% Malawi 41.9% 22.6% Bhutan 48.0% 4.0% Malaysia 49.6% 14.9% Botswana 42.3% 27.9% Mexico 42.6% 31.8% Brazil 7.8% 84.4% Moldova 26.1% 48.7% Canada 7.1% 78.5% Netherlands 2.9% 88.6% Chile 13.1% 60.3% New Zealand 4% 87.6% China 40.0% 37.2% Norway 4.8% 81.9% Colombia 29.1% 45.6% Oman 67.5% 7.9% Croatia 5.3% 83.7% Philippines 35.9% 42.0% Cyprus 15.7% 56.9% Portugal 6.6% 83.3% Czech Republic 61.6% Qatar – Denmark Romania 14.0% 65.5% Ecuador 41.7% 28.4% Russia 12.7% 51.4% Egypt 55.9% 4.4% Serbia 11.7% 58.5% El Salvador 30.5% Sierra Leone 61.1% 18.3% Estonia 15.1% 54.2% Singapore 44.1% 22.0% Ethiopia 41.6% 30.7% South Africa 18.5% 62.0% Finland 6.8% 79.8% South Korea 14.6% 52.4% France 5.1% Spain 3.4% 86.2% Germany 6.2% 77.6% Sudan Greece 9.7% 73.9% Sweden 3.1% 83.9% Hong Kong 44.8% Switzerland 78.9% Hungary 21.2% 57.5% Tanzania 43.0% Iceland 10.7% 62.3% Thailand 70.9% 8.9% India 34.2% Turkey 7.4% 72.2% Indonesia 39.4% 29.2% UAE Ireland 2.3% 89.6% UK 2.6 % 86.1% Israel 5.4% 81.3% USA 7.7 % 75.3% 1 Percentage saying “increased a lot” and “somewhat increased” 2 Percentage saying “decreased a lot” and “somewhat decreased” © Worlds of Journalism Study

Summary New Zealand journalists broadly similar to UK, US, Australian journalists on many key measures See their role largely as observers, but slightly more likely to advocate Feeling change more keenly Are more concerned about declining standards Are more concerned about censorship

References Folker Hanusch & Thomas Hanitzsch (2017) Comparing Journalistic Cultures Across Nations, Journalism Studies, 18:5, WJS Country Reports. (2016). Country reports. Available at:

How do New Zealand journalists compare?

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