1. Welcome PowerPoint Presentation ON RULES TO USE SOME SPECIAL WORDS Prepared by Md. Tarikul Ghani

2. WOULD RATHER. USED TO. HAD BETTER. WHAT IF. LET ALONE. BE BORN
* WOULD RATHER * USED TO * HAD BETTER * WHAT IF * LET ALONE * BE BORN * WHAT DOES…LOOK LIKE * OUGHT TO * WHAT ‘S…LIKE * BE VERB + TO * AS IF * HAVE TO /HAS TO * AS SOON AS * THERE / IT

3. WOULD RATHER
Would Rather mvavibZ †Kvb ev‡K¨, GKwU †_‡K Ab¨wUi cÖwZ AwaKZi cQ›` (Preference) †evSv‡Z e¨eüZ nq| ev‡K¨ Bnvi A_© ÕeisÕ | Would Rather w`‡q MwVZ ev‡K¨i ev Bnv e¨eüZ ev‡K¨i mvavibZ `ywU Structure cvIqv hvq t

4. (i) hw` evK¨wU‡Z Subject GKwU _v‡K Zvn‡j Structure wU n‡e-
Subject + Would rather + base form of Verb
Example :
(a) I would rather stay at home than go out tonight.
(b) I would rather stay here not go to park.
(c) I would not rather play football.

5. (ii) hw` evK¨wU‡Z `ywU wfbœ Subject _v‡K Zvn‡j Structure wU n‡e-
1g Subject + Would rather q Subject + Past form of Verb
Example :
(a) I would rather you stayed at home tonight.
(b) She’d rather you didn’t phone after 10 o’clock.

6. HAD BETTER
eZ©gvb A_ev fwel¨‡Zi ‡Kvb GKwU wbw`©ó Situation G †Kvb GKwU KvR Kiv DwPr hv Desirable G ai‡bi †Kvb e³e¨ cÖKvk Ki‡Z mvavibZ Had Better e¨eüZ nq| A_v©r Had Better = Should do | Bnvi c‡i e¨en„Z Verb wU Bare Infinitive nq A_v©r Verb Gi Base Form| ‡Kvb GKwU KvR hw` bv Kiv nq Z‡e Bnvi cÖZ¨vwkZ dj Negative n‡Z cv‡i, G ai‡bi †Kvb Sense cÖKvk Ki‡j ev‡K¨ Had Better e¨eüZ nq|

7. Had better Øviv MwVZ ev‡K¨i Structure wU n‡e- Subject + Had better + base form of Verb Example : (a) It is seven o’clock. I had better go now before the traffic jam. (b) She had better come here soon or she’ll miss the opening ceremony. (c) I had better not leave my bag there. Someone might steal it. (d) Hadn’t you better switch the computer off? It might be hot if you leave it on.

8. LET ALONE
hLb †Kvb ev‡K¨ 'Avi D‡j­L Kivi cÖ‡qvRb bvB' A_ev '`y‡ii K_v' A_ev 'GKwU KvRB nqbv Avevi AciwU' Ggb †Kvb Sense _v‡K Z‡e evK¨wU‡Z Let alone GB Phrase wU e¨eüZ nq| Let Alone mvavibZ GKwU Negative clause c‡i e‡m Ges c‡ii Clause A_ev Noun ev Phrase wU †K GKwU Negative Sense †`q|
Example :
He would never walk again, let alone play golf.
2. I can't afford a gallon of gasoline, let alone a new car.
3. He couldn't boil water, let alone prepare a dinner for eight.

9. What does ---- look like? & What’s ---- like?
†Kvb GKwU e¨w³ ev e¯‘ †Kgb ev evwn¨K AvK…wZ, ¯^v¯’¨, Ae¯’v, †`vl, ¸b BZ¨vw` Rvbvi Rb¨ †Kvb cÖkœ Ki‡Z What does sb/sth look like? or What’s sb/sth like? e¨envi Kiv nq|
Example :
Rahim : You've met John's girlfriend, haven't you? What's she like?
Kahim : She is very tall and bright.
2. Rahim : I've never been to Cox’s Bazar. What's it like?
Kahim : It is very beautiful.
Q: I’ve heard he’s got a new car. What does it look like? A: It looks good.
Q: "What does it look like?" (it = his house) A : "It looks like a castle in a fairy tale."

10. AS IF
As If w`‡q mvavibZ `ywU Clause †K hy³ Kiv nq| G †¶‡Î hw` c~‡e©i Clause wU Present Tense G _v‡K Z‡e c‡ii Clause wU Present Tense A_ev Past Indefinite Tense A_ev Past Perfect Tense n‡Z cv‡i| (i) KZ©v(Doer) D‡j­wLZ welqwU m¤§‡Ü hw` AeMZ _v‡K Z‡e Present Tense n‡e A_v©r real situation in the present. (ii) KZ©v(Doer) D‡j­wLZ welqwU m¤§‡Ü AeMZ Av‡Q wK bv G wel‡q Avgiv AwbwðZ _vwK Z‡e Past Indefinite Tense n‡e A_v©r unreal situation in the present. (iii) KZ©v(Doer) D‡j­wLZ welqwU m¤§‡Ü AZx‡Z AeMZ wQj wK bv G wel‡q hw` Avgiv AwbwðZ _vwK Z‡e Past Perfect Tense n‡e A_v©r unreal situation in the past.

11. NB : As If Gi c~‡e©i Clause wU hw` Past Indefinite Tense G _v‡K Z‡e c‡ii Clause wU Past Perfect Tense G nq| Example : 1. He looks as if he knows the answer.( †m welqwU Rv‡b Ges Avgiv Rvwb welqwU Real) 2. He looks as if he knew the answer.( †m welqwU Rv‡b wKš‘ Avgv‡`i Kv‡Q welqwU AwbwðZ †h Rv‡b wK bv) 3. He looked as if he had known the answer.( †m welqwU RvbZ wK bv Zv Avgiv Rvwb bv)

12. HAVE TO / HAS TO
mvavibZ ‡Kvb GKwU Kv‡Ri eva¨evaKZv †evSv‡Z Have to / Has to e¨eüZ nq| hw` evwn¨K †Kvb Kvib Øviv †Kvb ea¨evaKZv †evSvq Z‡e Have to / Has to e‡m| wKš‘ hw` wb‡Ri Øviv eva¨ n‡q †Kvb KvR Kiv †evSvq Z‡e Must A_ev Will Have to e‡m| fwel¨‡Zi †Kvb Kv‡R eva¨eaKZv †evSv‡ZI Will Have to e‡m| Have to expresses impersonal obligation. On the other hand Must expresses personal obligation. Example : 1. I have to arrive at work at 9 sharp. My boss is very strict. 2. We have to give him our answer today or lose out on the contract. 3. I'll have to speak to him.

13. AS SOON AS
GKwU KvR m¤úbœ nIqvi mv‡_ mv‡_ Avi GKwU KvR m¤úbœ n‡j As Soon As w`‡q †mB mgqwU cÖKvk Kiv nq| As soon as mvavibZ Subordinate Clause Gi ïi‡Z e‡m| fwel¨r Gi ‡Kvb KvR †evSv‡Z as soon as hy³ As‡k will bv e‡m Aci As†k e‡m | As soon as w`‡q AZxZ Kv‡ji †Kvb e³e¨ cÖKvk Ki‡j Dfq As‡k Past Tense e¨envi Ki‡Z nq| As soon as Gi Ae¯’vb ev‡K¨i ïi‡Z A_ev `yB Clause Gi gv‡S _v‡K wKš‘ A_© GKB _v‡K| Example : (i) I’ll call you as soon as I arrive. (ii)As soon as I get the information, I’ll tell you. (iii) As soon as we got out the car, it started raining. (iv) It started raining as soon as we got out the car.

14. Introductory There & It
Introductory gv‡b nj m~PbvKix| A_v©r †Kvb GKwU evK¨ ïi Ki‡Z †M‡j Avgiv gv‡S gv‡S There ev It w`‡q ïi Kwi ‡hLv‡b There ev It Gi wbR¯^ †Kvb A_© _v‡Kbv| H‡¶‡Î G¸‡jv‡K Introductory There/It ejv nq| hw`I There/It ev‡K¨ Adverb of Place wn‡m‡e e‡m, G ‡¶‡Î Bnv ïay evK¨wU‡K Introduce Ki‡Z e‡m| Example : (i) There are two men in the room. (Two men are in the room.) (ii) It was his life-long ambition to become a millionaire. (iii) It is difficult to accept advice. (iv) There is no denying the fact that she did it.

15. Used To
Used to GKwU ev‡K¨ `yB fv‡e e¨eüZ nqÑÑ Verb Ges Adjective wn‡m‡e| (i) Subject Gi ci ci hw` used to _v‡K Z‡e Bnv Verb Gi KvR K‡i| Ges Used to hLb Verb wn‡m‡e ev‡K¨ e¨eüZ nq ZLb Bnv Øviv AZxZ Kv‡ji †Kvb GKwU Af¨vm †evSv‡bv nq| Example : (a) He used to play football in his childhood. (b) He used to take tea in the afternoon.

16. (ii) Subject Gi ci ci hw` Be Verb (be, am, is, are, was, were) Ges Zvi ci hw` used to _v‡K Z‡e Bnv Adjective Gi KvR K‡i| Ges Used to hLb Adjective wn‡m‡e ev‡K¨ e¨eüZ nq ZLb Bnv Øviv eZ©gvb, AZxZ I fwel¨Z Kv‡ji †h †Kvb GKwU welq mnR ev †Kvb GKwU wel‡qi mv‡_ cwiwPZ †evSv‡bv nq| Example : (i) I am used to driving on the left. (iii) You will soon be used to living alone. (v) When we lived in Bangkok, we were used to hot weather. N.B. – ïay Used to Gi ci Verb Gi Base Form e‡m| wKš‘ Be Used to Gi ci Verb n‡j Verb Gi Ing Form e‡m A_ev GKwU Noun e‡m|

17. WHAT IF
mvavibZ wK NU‡e Gi cwibvg ev dj mg¥‡Ü hw` Confusion _v‡K A_ev hw` †Kvb wKQz Kivi d‡j wK NU‡Z cv‡i G wel‡q hw` †Kvb fq _v‡K Z‡e What If GB Phrase wU e¨envi Kiv nq|
Example :
I don’t like to travel by bus. What if accident occurs?
2. What if no one gets absolute majority in the election in England?

18. what if, have to, would rather, be used to, let alone, as soon as, as if, what’s like, had better, what does---look like
she heard the result, she started dancing gaily. 2. I wouldn't want to go to dinner party with that person, a week-long vacation. 3. I they did something about it instead of just talking about it my new bag ? It looks very small but beautiful. 5. You do what I say or else you will get into trouble. 6. He looks he knows the answer. 7. He living in New York. 8. Bus service is available. We don’t------face any problem the train's late? I’ll go by bus.

19. Thank You