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Biochemistry Free For All

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Presentation on theme: "Biochemistry Free For All"— Presentation transcript:

1 Biochemistry Free For All
Amino Acids Biochemistry Free For All

2 Part 1 - Amino Acids Building Blocks of Proteins Essential Amino Acids
Structure and Chemistry Building Blocks of Proteins Essential Amino Acids Basic Structure Stereochemistry Side Chain Chemistry Properties Ionization Bonding

3 Proteins comprised of 20-21 amino acids
Amino Acids & Proteins Workhorses of cell Catalysis Signaling Structure Energy/Gradient Generation Proteins comprised of amino acids

4 Amino Acids Essential Amino Acids

5 Basics of Structure Alpha Carbon Alpha Carboxyl Alpha Amine
Elements Alpha Amino Acids Differences in R Groups Alpha Amine

6 R Basics of Structure Alpha Carbon Alpha Carboxyl Alpha Amine
Asymmetric Center Alpha Carboxyl Elements Alpha Amino Acids Differences in R Groups Examples Alpha Amine Alpha Carbon Alpha Carboxyl Alpha Amine R

7 R Basics of Structure Alpha Carbon Alpha Carboxyl Alpha Amine
Asymmetric Center Alpha Carboxyl Elements Alpha Amino Acids Differences in R Groups Examples Alpha Amine R 18 Alpha Amine Alpha Carbon Alpha Carboxyl

8 Amino Acids Asymmetric Carbon Almost all biological amino acids
Stereochemistry D and L Isomers Almost all biological amino acids are in the L-configuration

9 Categorizing Amino Acids
Non-Polar Carboxyl Amine Aromatic Hydroxyl Other Alanine Aspartic Acid Arginine Phenylalanine Serine Asparagine Glycine Glutamic Acid Histidine Tryptophan Threonine Cysteine Isoleucine Lysine Tyrosine Glutamine Leucine Selenocysteine Methionine Pyrrolysine Proline Valine

10 Approximate R-group pKa
Ionizable R-groups Name Charged R-group Approximate R-group pKa Glutamic Acid -COO- 4.1 Histidine -NH3+ =NH2+ =-NH+ 6.0 Cysteine -S- 8.2 Tyrosine -O- 10.5

11 Amino Acids Alpha Carboxyl Alpha Carbon Alpha Amine Tryptophan
Aromatic R-Groups Alpha Carboxyl Alpha Carbon Alpha Amine Tryptophan Tyrosine Phenylalanine

12 Amino Acids R Aromatic R-Groups Tryptophan Tyrosine Phenylalanine

13 Amino Acids R Tryptophan Ionizes at high pH Tyrosine Phenylalanine
Aromatic R-Groups Charges at Physiological pH Tryptophan Ionizes at high pH Tyrosine Phenylalanine

14 Amino Acids Leucine Proline Alanine Glycine Isoleucine Valine
Aliphatic R-Groups Leucine Proline Alanine Glycine Isoleucine Valine Methionine H

15 Amino Acids Leucine Proline Alanine Glycine Isoleucine Valine
Aliphatic R-Groups Leucine Proline Alanine Glycine Isoleucine Valine Methionine H

16 Amino Acids Aliphatic R-Groups Charges at Physiological pH

17 Amino Acids R-Group Carboxyls Aspartic Acid Glutamic Acid

18 Amino Acids R-Group Carboxyls R Aspartic Acid Glutamic Acid

19 R R Amino Acids Aspartic Acid Glutamic Acid R-Group Carboxyls
Charges at physiological pH R R Aspartic Acid Glutamic Acid

20 Amino Acids Hydroxyl R-Groups Serine Threonine Tyrosine

21 Amino Acids Hydroxyl R-Groups Serine Threonine Tyrosine

22 Amino Acids Serine Threonine Ionizes at high pH Tyrosine
Hydroxyl R-Groups Charges at Physiological pH Serine Threonine Ionizes at high pH Tyrosine

23 Amino Acids Sulfhydryl R-Group Cysteine

24 Amino Acids Sulfhydryl R-Group Ionizes at about pH = 8 + Cysteine

25 Amino Acids Carboxamide R-Groups Asparagine Glutamine

26 Amino Acids Carboxamide R-Groups Asparagine Glutamine

27 Amino Acids Carboxamide R-Groups Asparagine Glutamine

28 Amino Acids Ionizable Amine R-Groups Lysine Arginine Histidine

29 Amino Acids Ionizable Amine R-Groups Lysine Arginine Histidine

30 Amino Acids Arginine Lysine Histidine Ionizable Amine R-Groups
Charges at Physiological pH Lysine Arginine Histidine

31 Rare Amino Acids

32 Non-Protein Amino Acids
Carnitine Also - Citrulline, Ornithine, others

33 Amino Acids Ionization

34 Amino Acids Ionization -by pKa Values

35 Amino Acids Ionization -by pKa Values

36 Amino Acids Ionization -by pKa Values

37 Amino Acids Ion Locations in Titration Charge = -1

38 Amino Acids Ionization -by pKa Values Charge = 0

39 Amino Acids Ionization -by pKa Values Charge = -1

40 Amino Acids Ionization -by pKa Values Charge = -2

41 Ionization Changes Charges Within Proteins
Changes in Charge Change Activities

42 Post-translational Modifications

43 Phosphorylated Amino Acids

44 Breakdown of Amino Acids

45 Peptide Bond Formation

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