1. HOW PROTEINS ARE MADE BY THE CELL
What is a protein and why is it important for living systems?

2. Your body is made up of trillions of cells, of all different kinds: muscle cells, brain cells, blood cells, and more. Inside those cells, proteins are allowing your body to do what it does: break down food to power your muscles, send signals through your brain that control the body, and transport nutrients through your blood.
Proteins are building blocks, they make up all that you are.

3. Transcription
1. One of the strands of DNA is used as a template to create a strand of mRNA
2. Requires the enzyme RNA polymerase
3. Transcription always
starts at a region called
the promoter.

4. 4. Introns are segments of DNA that do not contain genes
4. Introns are segments of DNA that do not contain genes. Exons are segments that contain genes.
5. Each 3 bases on mRNA is a codon, it corresponds to an amino acid (see codon chart)

5. Translation
1. Takes the message on mRNA and converts it into an amino acid chain
2. Individual amino acids will join to form a protein. Shapes and composition of protein determine its functionality (hair, enzymes, skin, muscles etc)

6. The steps in translation

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8. amino acids
DNA
tRNA
protein
anticodon
ribosome
mRNA
codon
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