1. Michael Persia, PhD – Virginia Tech
HPAI in 2014/2015
Michael Persia, PhD – Virginia Tech

2. Update from USDA
Furuse M and Yokota H. British Journal of Nutrition ,

3. Largest outbreak in US History!
Update from USDA
Largest outbreak in US History!
Furuse M and Yokota H. British Journal of Nutrition ,

4. How did HPAI spread?

5. Moving to and around the Midwest

6. Map of Movement of HPAI in Midwest
Pope County – 03/04/15
Leavenworth County – 03/13/15
Moniteau County – 03/10/15
Jasper County – 03/09/15
Boone County – 03/11/15

7. Migration of water fowl

8. Vectors of HPAI
Migratory birds currently involved in both H5N2 and H5N8
Currently no human infections!
No mixing with swine to date
Domestic fowl more susceptible

9. Avian Influenza Orthomyxovirus: enveloped RNA virus
Survive 35+ days in manure, soil, water
Survive 3+ months in cold weather

10. Orthomyxovirus Hemagglutinin ( H-16)
responsible for binding the virus to the cell that is being infected
Neuraminidase (N- 9)
promotes the release of progeny viruses
from infected cells
144 combinations of H and N
9 x 16 = 144 possible combinations

11. Signs of HPAI High mortality without signs
Decreased activity and feed intake
Decreased egg production/misshaped eggs
Swelling head, eyelids, comb, wattles and hocks
Purple discoloration (cyanosis and hemorrhage) of wattle, comb and legs
Nasal discharge, coughing, sneezing
Lack of coordination- paddling, wing droop
Diarrhea

12. The Minnesota Outbreak
15,000 replacement turkey breeders
Pope County
70% dead in 3-5 days
Huddling, squatting
Not using legs
Terminal stages- on side with head and neck extended  wing flapping  death

13. The Minnesota Outbreak
Hemorrhage throughout
internal body organs
and fat

14. What to recommend? Biosecurity!
Addresses measures that should be taken to keep any diseases from a flock. (In)
Reduces the transmission of diseases to neighboring flocks. (Out)
Promotes human health by the reduction of zoonotic pathogens

15. Who Needs It?
Everyone!!!

16. Be a Bird Watcher Daily Inspections Signs Know your poultry
Reduction in feed and water intake
Sudden increase in mortality
Drop in egg production

17. Vectors and Infections
How pathogens move ?

18. Wild Birds Hardest to control in open system
Discourage their presence in the immediate vicinity of poultry
Do not use bird baths/wild bird feeders
Prevent access to decorative ponds.
Important for waterfowl
Do not allow birds access to open water, ponds streams etc…
Housing helps minimize wild bird contact

19. Humans (You, Family and Guests)
Wash hands
Extremely important if handling birds
Dedicated footwear
boot covers
disinfectant
Clean Clothing
Keep Visitors to a minimum
72 hour Bird and Swine free

20. Equipment and tools YOU CANNOT DISINFECT DIRT. Cleaning Alone
Reduces 80-85% reduction in microorganisms
Use detergents, quaternary ammonium, phenols, formaldehyde, alkalis

21. Hunting!! Minimize at this time as this is a direct transmission route
If hunting, make sure to clean and disinfect all possible vectors including equipment, dogs and humans

22. New Birds to Flock
Purchase poultry only from reliable, certified disease-free sources that have records of appropriate vaccinations.
USDA List Participants by State
Avoid Swap Meets
Currently would not recommend to move new birds into flock unless absolutely needed

23. Biosecurity procedures – People
Issue/procedure
Cost
Benefit
Restricted access
+++
Plastic boots & head cover ++
Hand sanitizer or gloves
Change clothing between flocks
Going from young to older birds
Change clothing going in/out
Coveralls; rubber boots $
Vaillancourt, 2003

24. If you see signs contact VDACS!!
HPAI is a reportable disease need to act quickly for all bird safety in Virginia
Call VDACS at