1. Key Concept 3.2: Continuity & Innovations of State Forms & Their Interactions (Mongols)
Period 3: 600 – 1450 CE

2. Who were the Mongols?

3. Genghis Khan United the Mongol tribes
1206- “The Great Khan” – Leader of all Mongols

4. Genghis Khan Two genius ideas: Promotion based on merit not family
Brought people of lower classes into his tribe and executed the leaders of conquered clans
Peasants LOVED him

5. Genghis Khan One failure:
Did NOT create a single political unit out of all his empires
Who does this remind you of???
Alexander the Great

6. Four Khanates Yuan Dynasty (Khanate of the Great Khan)- China
Chagatai Khanate- Central Asia
Ilkhanate- Persia
Khanate of the Golden Horde- Russia

7. Mongol Military Power Horses and Archery Adaptable Fear
Learned how to lay siege to fortified castles
Learned how to use gunpowder
Fear

9. Mongols in Russia Kievan Rus Considered “birthplace” of Russia
Trade & Agriculture center
Converted to Byzantine Christianity
Fell to Mongols in 1240

10. Russia Under Mongol Rule
Khanate of the Golden Horde
Serfdom arose as peasants gave up land for protection
Moscow benefited by acting as tribute collector for Mongols
Mongol rule isolated Russia from Byzantium and Europe
This isolation will influence Russia for centuries

11. Mongols in Persia 800,000 people killed- including the Abbasid Caliph
Siege of Baghdad (1258)
800,000 people killed- including the Abbasid Caliph
Ends 500 year Islamic dynasty
Added to the Ilkhanate

12. Mongols and China Kublai Khan
Completed the conquest of China that Genghis Khan (his grandfather) began
First time China has been unified since end of the Tang

13. Yuan Dynasty (1271-1368) Centralized government and bureaucracy
Shortest of the Chinese dynasties
Maintained a separateness from the population and used foreigners (Marco Polo) to staff bureaucracy
This leads to their downfall

14. Were the Mongols Awesome?
Reinvigorated Trade
Pax Mongolica & Silk Roads
Increased communication in Eurasia
Yam System
Introduction of new foods
Rice becomes staple in Persian diet
Cross-cultural pollination
Forcibly relocated people useful to them (especially administrators)
Religious tolerance

15. Were the Mongols Awful? Brutal Conquerors Empires did not last
Genghis Khan’s definition of happiness
Brutal Conquerors
Empires did not last
Not interested in art or architecture
Maybe responsible for the Black Death